ZS BULK

EXTRAORDINARY .... a clarification

J, ALLEN HYNEK DAVID M. JACOBS JOSEPH G. JORGENSEN SEYMOUR H. MAUSKOPF EDWARD J, MOODY

DAVID M. JACOBS JOSEPH G. JORGENSEN SEYMOUR H. MAUSKOPF EDWARD J, MOODY ROBERT L. MORRIS

SEYMOUR H. MAUSKOPF EDWARD J, MOODY ROBERT L. MORRIS WILLIAM NAGLER WILLIAM F. POWERS

EDWARD J, MOODY ROBERT L. MORRIS WILLIAM NAGLER WILLIAM F. POWERS CHARLES T. TART

ROBERT L. MORRIS WILLIAM NAGLER WILLIAM F. POWERS CHARLES T. TART RON WESTRUM

CHARLES T. TART RON WESTRUM AN INDEPENDENT SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF CLAIMS OF ANOMALIES AND THE PARANORMAL ZETETIC SCHOLAR is published by Marcello Truzzi and is an

RON WESTRUM AN INDEPENDENT SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF CLAIMS OF ANOMALIES AND THE PARANORMAL ZETETIC SCHOLAR is published by Marcello Truzzi and is an independent journal of opinion. All correspondence

RON WESTRUM AN INDEPENDENT SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF CLAIMS OF ANOMALIES AND THE PARANORMAL ZETETIC SCHOLAR is published by Marcello Truzzi and is an independent journal of opinion. All correspondence

RON WESTRUM AN INDEPENDENT SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF CLAIMS OF ANOMALIES AND THE PARANORMAL ZETETIC SCHOLAR is published by Marcello Truzzi and is an independent journal of opinion. All correspondence

Skep ti c i sm , Science , and the Pa ran ormal ...•....... . MARCELLO TRUZZI On t he Ext raor di nar y: An Attempt at C lari f i ca tion •• 11 BERNARD J. FREMERMAN So lar and Economic Re lati ons hips: An Updated

So lar and Economic Re lati ons hips: An Updated Repo rt .. . ......... .. ... . . . ........... . . •.••..• 23 DICK HOOPER Cast an e da : Trick ste r- Teache r. A Con versat i on with Ri cha r d de Mi li e ..... .. ... ........ . . ... . . . . ... 27

Cast an e da : Trick ste r- Teache r. A Con versat i on with Ri cha r d de Mi li e ..... .. ... ........ . . ... . . . . ... 27 EDITORIAL ... .................. . .......... .... ........... BOOK REVIE WS

Crank , Cr ackpot , or Geniu s? Pseudosc ience or Sc ience Revolution? A Basic Bib I iograp hi c Gu ide to the Debate (M. Truzzi) .. ..... 20 The Powers o f Negative Thi nk i ng , or Debunking th e Paranorma l: A Bas ic Book Li st (M. Truzz i ) .......... . •.. .....• ...... ... ........ 35 Uri Gel

LAURENT BEAUREGARD INTRODUCTION In 1870, William Crookes, the noted British scientist, published one of the first scientific papers on psychical research. At that time, he declared that he was absolutely convinced "that certain physical phenomena ... occur

As we saw a moment ago, Hynek spoke of "scientific bigotry." That is a bit strong. I prefer the scientific bias. Even better, the Humean bias," to honor David Hume, the philosopher whose classic argument against miracles serves as our point of departure.

We don•t want the Humean bias to be so strong as to preclude~ priori the possibility of confirming a paranormal claim. For, as Michael Scriven has pointed out, the argument, if valid, would constitute an~ priori disproof of any fundamental discovery that threatened previously established scientific

Of course, this skeptic does insist that A is much lower than 1/2 (other~ise h would not be paranormal in the first place). Two things now follow: P will be quite small, and

Now the believer will be convinced that his best cases are such as to make L quite small. (Example: the mediums and psychics who have been tested by scientists under conditions of rigorous control.} In that case, two things will

Our Bayesian construal of Hume's argument shows that the very point of that argument can be reversed, given enough certainty about the integrity of a reporter/investigator or about that reporter/investigator's observational competence. Are all of the witnesses to psychic or UFO phenomena really so e

Parapsychologists sometimes like to score a debating point by quoting such things as 0.0. Hebb's 11 Confession" (Hebb is a skeptical psychologist): !!Personally, I do not accept ESP for a moment, because it does not make sense. My external criteria, both of physics and physiology, say that ESP is no

The author is grateful to Martin Gardner, to Gertrude Schmeidler, and to Marcello Truzzi for helpful exchanges in connection with the subject-matter of this paper. There is a spectrum of belief here, roughly as follows:

AN ATTEMPT AT CLARIFICATION MARCELLO TRUZZI In dealing with claims alleging paranormal events, a basic question concerns the degree of evidence needed to establish such claims. As

MARCELLO TRUZZI In dealing with claims alleging paranormal events, a basic question concerns the degree of evidence needed to establish such claims. As the paper by Laurent Beauregard (in this issue)

To place matters somewhat in perspective, before going directly into the question of exact definition, we should note that one can generally separate events from their explanations: and we commonly speak of both events and explanations as ordinary and extraordinary. (I am here using "extraordinary"

Though a dictionary definition of extraordinary states that it means going beyond what is usual, regular or customary 11 or that it simply refers to that which is 11 remarkable 11 or 11 exceptional to a marked extent, .. this term must have more specialized meaning for any serious scientific conside

In examining the discussions of paranormal phenomena, it is important that we locate the locus of that which is purportedly extraordinary. I have found that proponents and critics commonly concentrate on different elements. Thus, we find some, like Michael Polanyi, speaking of the plausibility of re

REVOLUTION? ABIBLIOGRAPHIC GUIDE TO THE DEBATE COMPILED BY MARCELLO TRUZZI Abelson, Philip H., "Pseudoscience, " Science, 184 (June 21, 1974), Agassi, Joseph, "When Should We Ignor Evidence in Favour of a Hypothesis, 11 Ratio, 15 (1973), 183-205.

COMPILED BY MARCELLO TRUZZI Abelson, Philip H., "Pseudoscience, " Science, 184 (June 21, 1974), Agassi, Joseph, "When Should We Ignor Evidence in Favour of a Hypothesis, 11 Ratio, 15 (1973), 183-205. As imov, Isaac, 11 CP" [Crackpot], Analog Science Fiction, 4 7, #1

Abelson, Philip H., "Pseudoscience, " Science, 184 (June 21, 1974), Agassi, Joseph, "When Should We Ignor Evidence in Favour of a Hypothesis, 11 Ratio, 15 (1973), 183-205. As imov, Isaac, 11 CP" [Crackpot], Analog Science Fiction, 4 7, #1 (Oct. 1974), 38-50.

Ber oard J . Fremerman In the latter part of the 19th Century, W. S. Jevons, a British economist, proposed a theory that a relationship exists between sunspot activity and business cycles. In 1934 Carlos Garcia- Mata and Felix I.

A CONVERSATION WITH RICHARD DE MILLE DICK HOOPER Richard de Mille's book, Castaneda's Journev is an investigative breakthrough for all those whO~ suspected that the don Juan material of carlos Castaneda might be less than physical, historical fact.

DICK HOOPER Richard de Mille's book, Castaneda's Journev is an investigative breakthrough for all those whO~ suspected that the don Juan material of carlos Castaneda might be less than physical, historical fact. de Mille's book gives us the first definitive and lnsightful view of the life and motive

Char l es Sanders Peirce (1839- 1914), the Amer ic an philosopher, physicist, and mathematician, was the founder of pragmatism and has been called the greatest philosopher ever produced by this country. Most of his work was available only posthumously and can be found in the eight volumes of his Col

"Upon this first , and in one sense th is sole . rule of reason, that in order to learn you must desire t o l earn, and in so desir i ng not be s atisfied with what you already incline to think, the re follows one corol lary which itself deserves to be inscribed upon every wall of the city of philos

"All positive reason ing is of the nature of j udging the proportion of someth i ng in a whole col lection by the proportion found in a sample . Accordingly, there are three things to which we can never hope to attain by r easoning, namely, absolute certainty, absolute exactitude , absolute universa

"The best hypothes is, in the sense of the one most r ecommending it self to the inquirer, is the one which can be the most r eadily refuted if it is fal se. This fa r outweighs the trifling merit of being likely . For after all, what is a likely hypothesis? It is one which falls in with our preconc

"At present, while the existence of telepathy cannot be said to be established, all scientific men are obliged very serious problem requiring respectful treatment." "The theory of telepathy is that in some cases one mind acts upon another, whether directly or not, at any rate by means

"Under the head of positive evidence apparently unfavorable to the doctrine, we may reckon ordinary observation of the dependence of healthy mind-action upon the state of the body. There are,also, those rare cases of double consciousness where personal identity is utterly destroyed or changed even i

"Galileo, Gilbert and others made considerable progress before they arrived at a stage at which they were able to make any measurements to speak of. B-t they did exhibit great skill in analyzing the phenomena; and I agree that the psychicists have not exhibited signal ability in doing that. It must

"As to their devotion to truth, I have to remember that as I have known them, they have been serious and foreseeing men who would not embark upon any enterprise without carefully reckoning up its contingencies. Therefore, at the momement when any one of these men deliberately devoted his life and hi

ABASIC BOOK LIST COMPILED BY MARCELLO TRUZZI Christopher, Milbourne, ESP, ____Seers & Psychics. N. Y.: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1970. N. Y.: Thomas Y. Crowell,

COMPILED BY MARCELLO TRUZZI Christopher, Milbourne, ESP, ____Seers & Psychics. N. Y.: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1970. N. Y.: Thomas Y. Crowell, - ----, Mediums,

Hering, D.W., Jastrow, Joseph, Error and Eccentricity in Human Belief (Wish and Wisdom, Episodes in the Vagaries of Belief]. N. Y.: Dover, 1962 edition. Lewinsohn, Richard, Science, Prophecy and Prediction. Greenwich,

Krupp, E. C., ed., In Search of Ancient Astronauts. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, 1978. Story, Ronald, The Space-Gods Revealed: A Close Look at the Theories of Erich von Dtiniken. N. Y.: Harper & Row, Thiering, Barry, and Castle, Edgar, eds., Some Trust in Chariots. N. Y.: Popular Library, 1972.

de Camp, L. Sprague, Lost Continents: The Atlantis Theme in History, Science, and Literature. N. Y.: Dover, 1970 BERM.JDA TRIANGLE Kusche, Lawrence David, The Bermuda Triangle Mystery-Solved. N. Y.: Warner Books, 1975. CASTANEDA, CARLOS

Kusche, Lawrence David, The Bermuda Triangle Mystery-Solved. N. Y.: Warner Books, 1975. CASTANEDA, CARLOS de Mille, Richard, Castaneda's The Power and the Allegory. Santa Barbara, Ca.: Capra Press, 19 DIXON, JEANE

de Mille, Richard, Castaneda's The Power and the Allegory. Santa Barbara, Ca.: Capra Press, 19 DIXON, JEANE Bring1e, Mary, Jeane Dixon: Prophet or Fraud? N. Y.: Tower Books, 1970.

Bring1e, Mary, Jeane Dixon: Prophet or Fraud? N. Y.: Tower Books, 1970. Vogt, Evon z., and Hyman, Ray, Water Witching U. S. A. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1959. FAITH HEALING

Bishop, George, Faith Healing: God or Fraud? Los Angeles, Ca. : Sherbourne Press, 1967. Nolen, William A., Healing: A Doctor in Search of a Miracle. N. Y.: Random House, 1974. Sargant, William, The Mind Possessed. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott,

Deutsch, Ronald W., The Nuts among the Berries. N. Y.: Ballantine, 196 7 edition. --- --, The New the Berries. Palo Alto, Ca. : Bull Publishing Co., 1977. Holbrook, Stewart, The Golden Age of Quackery. N. Y.: Collier Books,

Bharati, Agehananda, The Light at the Center: Context and Pretext of Modern Mysticism. Santa Barbara, Ca.: Ross-Erikson, 1976. Elliot, Robert Henry, The Myth of the Mystic East. Edinburgh: Wm. Blackwood & Sons, 1935. Koestler, Arthur, The Lotus and the Robot. N. Y.: Macmillan, 1960.

Pochan, A., The Mysteries of the Great Pyramids. N. Y.: Avon, 1978. SPIRITUALISM Abbott, David P., Behind the Scenes with the Mediums. Chicago: Open Dunninger, Joseph, Inside the Medium's Cabinet. N. Y.: David Kemp & Houdini, Harry, Miracle Mongers and Their Methods: A Complete

Abbott, David P., Behind the Scenes with the Mediums. Chicago: Open Dunninger, Joseph, Inside the Medium's Cabinet. N. Y.: David Kemp & Houdini, Harry, Miracle Mongers and Their Methods: A Complete Expose. N. Y.: E, P. Dutton, 1920. ------, A Magician among the Spirits. N. Y. : Harper & Bros., 1924.

Condon, Edward U., Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects. N. Y. : Bantam, 1968. Klass, Philip J., UFOs--Identified. N. Y.: Random House, 1968. -----UFOs Explained. N. Y.: Randorn House, 1974. Menzel, Donald H., and Taves. Ernest H., The UFO Enigma: The

Goldsmith, Donald, ed., Scientists Confront Velikovsky. Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press, 1977. URI GELLER &THE SCIENTISTS: ABASIC BIBLIOGRAPHY tOMPILED BY MARCELLO TRUZZ I & RAY HYMAN

ABASIC BIBLIOGRAPHY tOMPILED BY MARCELLO TRUZZ I & RAY HYMAN 1. A cker, Fabian, "Letter, " New Scientist, Nov. 14, 1974, p. 524. 2. Alalone, R., & Hasted , J . B., " Letter, •• Journal of the Ameri c an Society for P sychical Research, 49 (1977), 558-559 .

tOMPILED BY MARCELLO TRUZZ I & RAY HYMAN 1. A cker, Fabian, "Letter, " New Scientist, Nov. 14, 1974, p. 524. 2. Alalone, R., & Hasted , J . B., " Letter, •• Journal of the Ameri c an Society for P sychical Research, 49 (1977), 558-559 . 3 . Asher, J., " Geller -- Is He a Medicine Show Hype or a Chal

1. A cker, Fabian, "Letter, " New Scientist, Nov. 14, 1974, p. 524. 2. Alalone, R., & Hasted , J . B., " Letter, •• Journal of the Ameri c an Society for P sychical Research, 49 (1977), 558-559 . 3 . Asher, J., " Geller -- Is He a Medicine Show Hype or a Challenge to Science, 11 APA Monitor, Feb. 19

Aycroff, Fred, and Abelson, Robert P., "ESP and ESB: Belief in Personal Success at Mental Telepathy," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, l!, #2 (1976) 1 240-247 • Boshier, Roger, "An Empirical Investigation of the

Andrew Neher (Psychology Dept .; Cabrillo College; 6500 Soquel Drive; Aptos, CA 95003) writes: " I am writing a book, to be published by Prentice-Hall, which discusses, among other things, a number of occultisms, together with empirical studies that have been conducted to test their validity. Such t

Listing here does not preclude later full review. Akins, William, The Loch Ness M9nster. N. Y.: Signet, 1977. 169 pp. $1. 50 paperback. One of the better recent surveys of the Nessie 11 literature. Recommended reading. Angebert, Jean-Michel (translated by Lewis A. M. Sumberg), The

A b ibliography of scient ific studies of classical astrology. Review essay on the literature of anomalies . Vampires : Studies and Organizations

WILLIAM F. POWERS CHARLES T, TART RON WESTRUM Zetetic ~choJar AN INDEPENDENT SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF

Anoma l ies: A Bibliographic Introduction with Some Cautionary Remarks .......................................... 69 MICHAEL A PERSINGER What Factors Can Account for UFO Experiences? .......... ........ 91 W. TEED ROCKWELL

What Factors Can Account for UFO Experiences? .......... ........ 91 W. TEED ROCKWELL Prescriptive Epistemic Ethi cs ........•...•..................... 95 LETTERS & COMMUNICATIONS .................................... 67 DIAlOGUES: l. Beaurega rd*J. Pa lmer*R. Hyman*W. E,. Danforth ........... 107

Prescriptive Epistemic Ethi cs ........•...•..................... 95 LETTERS & COMMUNICATIONS .................................... 67 DIAlOGUES: l. Beaurega rd*J. Pa lmer*R. Hyman*W. E,. Danforth ........... 107 EDI T0 RI AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • . .

It may be helpful to readers of ZS for us to explicate the meaning of some of the terminology we will regularly use in talking about extraordinary claims. To untangle some of the broadly divergent terminology, we suggest the following for consistent reference in ZS. In general, extraordinary events

If you like ZETETIC SCHOLAR, please help us get new subscribers so that we may eventually become self-sustaining. We particularly urge you to get your libraries to subscribe. Your help, suggestions and financial support are both needed and welcome. ~~ SUPPLEMENTS TO BIBLIOGRAPHIES ~!$

BIBLIOGRAPHY ON nURI GELLER &THE SCIENTISTSn (zs,I,#I) Bryce, "Uri Geller Discusses Fame, Fortune and His Personal Mission for the Future, 11 Psychic World and the Occult, M~rch 1977, pp. 42-48. Crosby, Jan, Sannheten om Uri Geller. Oslo, Noway: Bjornsen & Schram, 1974. [In Swedish.]

Bryce, "Uri Geller Discusses Fame, Fortune and His Personal Mission for the Future, 11 Psychic World and the Occult, M~rch 1977, pp. 42-48. Crosby, Jan, Sannheten om Uri Geller. Oslo, Noway: Bjornsen & Schram, 1974. [In Swedish.] Perera, Ramos, Uri Geller al Descubierto. Madrid, Spain: Sedmay

Cohen, L. Bernard, "Orthodoxy and Scientific Progress, 11 Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 96, #5 (Oct. 1952), 505-512. Frank, Philip G., "The Variety of Reasons for the Acceptance of Scientific Theories, '' in P. G. Frank, ed., The Validation of Scientific Theories. N. Y.: Collier

Majax, Gerard, Le Grand Bluff. Paris: Fernand, Nathan, 1978. rin Rachleff, Owen S., The Chicago: Cowles Book Co., CORRECT! ON FOR ZS, 1. #1

p. 36: Krupp, E. C., In Search of Ancient Astronauts should properly have been listed as In Search of Ancient Astronomies.

Congress of Astrological Organizations continues to invite you, your committee [Ed.: refers to the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal with which I was associated at the time of the CAO's first invitation], your readers, any responsible group of scientists, to sit

RON WESTRUM &MARCELLO TRUZZI The central importance of scientific anomalies to our understanding of the growth and change of science is well documented by the many recent philosophical and historical debates on science among such prominent scholars as Sir Karl Popper (The Lo ic of Scientific Discove

The definition of an anomaly as found in Webster's citionary is merely "deviation from the common rule" or s ome t h i n g t ha t de v i ate s i n e xc e s s o f nor ma 1 va r i a t i on . I: This is somewhat vague and makes 11 an anomaly synonymous with words like 11 abnormalityn or irregularity. 1

Anomaly literature has two major problems of which the reader should be aware from the start. The first is essentially literary and is a question of proper writing. The second is more basic and relates to the psychology of anomalous experience. Together they make the journey through

The literature on anomalies is vast, and it would be impossible to give a reasonably comprehensive bibliography without writing a long monograph. Our attempt here will be to treat those works which offer either a synoptic treatment of whole fields or whose importance is such that they cannot be omit

COMPILED BY MARCELLO TRUZZI "ThoH who w.i4h :to be.ti.e.ve. .Ut Mtlto.togy ~houtd lte.a.Uze. :that :the.!te. V.. 110 ~ue.ltti6i..e 6oundation 6olt ill :te.ne.U • .. It V.. ~.imply a m.U:take. :to .imagine. :that :the. 6olteU e.xe.ltte.d by f>:taM and pi.ane.U at :the. mome.n:tf> o 6 b-L!t:th c_an .U

The scientific (and protoscientific) literature on astrology is unfortunately scattered widely, and most studies claiming positive results can only be found in difficult to obtain astrological periodicals unavailable through most libraries. Beginning with a preliminary bibliography, I sent my lists

I. STUDIES FAVORING CLASSICAL ASTROLOGY

Earth, James R., and James T. Bennett, ''Astrology and Modern Science Revisited," Leonardo,]_ (1974), 235-237. Bastedo, Ralph W., "An Empirical Test of Popular Astrology, 11 unpublished paper, University cf California, Berkeley, 1976. Bennett, James T., and James R. Earth, 1 'Astronomics: A New

RELEVANT STUDIES OF ASTROLOGY AND ASTROLOGERS

COUNTER-MANIFESTOS) ARGUMENTS AND ANALYSIS

The National Enquirer, April 1, 1975, p. 7: "Startling Numbers pf Americans Believe in Astrology," A Roper Poll. The Gal:illup Opinion Index, July 1976, RepcDrt #132, pp. 25-27: "32 Million Look to Stars for Help in Conducting Daily Affairs. 11

The Vampire Studies Society . Publishes the quarterly Journal of Vampirism, edited by Martin V. Riccardo . Address: P.O. Box 205; Oak Lawn, IL 60454. Highly recommended for serious students of the vampire legend, its literature, psychology , etc.

W, TEED ROCKWELL This paper is an attempt to define, and explain, the necessity for Prescri~tive Epistemic Ethics. By Epistemic Ethics, I mean a set of maxims w ich purport to give knowledge to whomever follows them. (To those who are not philosophically trained: "epistemic" is the adjective used by

& HIS CRITICS: A BASIC BIBLIOGRAPHY Compiled by M. Truzzi American Association for the Advancement of Science, Velikovsky's Challenge to Science. Tape record ing s of 186-74 Sessions 1

A BASIC BIBLIOGRAPHY Compiled by M. Truzzi American Association for the Advancement of Science, Velikovsky's Challenge to Science. Tape record ing s of 186-74 Sessions 1 and 2, Annual Meeting of AAAS, 1974. Avai.lab ~e from AAAS.

. It is claimed that the burden of proof accruing to paranormal claims is heavy. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof. The purpose of the opening papers of Volume 1, Number 1 of Zetetic Scholar was to clarify and defend this claim as a principle of sc1entific method. In my own paper, I t

. It is claimed that the burden of proof accruing to paranormal claims is heavy. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof. The purpose of the opening papers of Volume 1, Number 1 of Zetetic Scholar was to clarify and defend this claim as a principle of sc1entific method. In my own paper, I t

I would like to comment on Laurent Beauregard's article, "Skepticism, Science, and the Paranormal," which appeared in the first issue of zetetic Scholar. I should preface my remarks by saying that I am a psychologist who has been actively engaged in parapsychological research for the past eight year

I would like to comment on Laurent Beauregard's article, "Skepticism, Science, and the Paranormal," which appeared in the first issue of zetetic Scholar. I should preface my remarks by saying that I am a psychologist who has been actively engaged in parapsychological research for the past eight year

BEAUREGARD S PAPER As I see it, Laurent Beauregard had two key objectives in writing his provocative paper. First, he wanted to logically analyze the controversy between the believers and the skeptics on matters paranormal.

As I see it, Laurent Beauregard had two key objectives in writing his provocative paper. First, he wanted to logically analyze the controversy between the believers and the skeptics on matters paranormal. For this purpose he employed Bayes' Theorem as an abstract schemata of the debate.

As I see it, Laurent Beauregard had two key objectives in writing his provocative paper. First, he wanted to logically analyze the controversy between the believers and the skeptics on matters paranormal. For this purpose he employed Bayes' Theorem as an abstract schemata of the debate.

AND BEAUREGARD PAPERS The phrase "claim of the paranormal" inevitably has polemic flavor. Both words carry fringe implications of lining up to do battle! Players in the game are primarily of only two

The phrase "claim of the paranormal" inevitably has polemic flavor. Both words carry fringe implications of lining up to do battle! Players in the game are primarily of only two "denominations," claimants and critics.

The phrase "claim of the paranormal" inevitably has polemic flavor. Both words carry fringe implications of lining up to do battle! Players in the game are primarily of only two "denominations," claimants and critics.

What we are dealing with here is something called "science" and now and then we will refer to a section of mankind known as "the scientific corrununity." This scientific community (college graduates, mostly Ph.D.'s) occupies the stands on one side of the field; on the other side are people who have

What actually happens is that a candidate for "acceptance by the scientific community" gets brought to the attention of members of an appropriate research society, possibly by more than one. If that society rejects it, it is, generally speaking regarded as

What actually happens is that a candidate for "acceptance by the scientific community" gets brought to the attention of members of an appropriate research society, possibly by more than one. If that society rejects it, it is, generally speaking regarded as

I would suggest that much of the confusion in the Paranormal Game arises because people do not really follow through with the fact that science is essentially social. This is not to say that a report of an extraordinary event by an individual human being cannot be true, that indeed it may not later

This is closely related to the foregoing: When someone says "Peter saw a toad with five legs," it is not science no matter how massive Peter's reputation as a scientist might be. If Peter were a world renowned

Whenever an extraordinary event is proposed as a candidate for scientific fact two kinds of questions must be clearly (and vigorously!} distinguished: (1) Questions regarding possible conceptual difficulties (i.e. "theoretical"); and (2) Questions regarding that

I mentioned at the outset that because of dif-· ferent sorts of affective motives there are different sorts of claimants and critics, and that we have to look at this in order to make sense of the Paranormal Game. THREE KINDS OF CLAIMANTS

1. Rational. There are indeed those whose dominant interest is establishment of new and replicable facts; either technological (i.e., relevant to "material" needs) or scientific (promoting understanding of the 2. Affect motivated. These (as is the case with

1. Rational: defined as under "claimant." able of putting aside their emotional prejudice. 2. Affect motivated: Many critics, when honest with themselves, d~scern strong interest that certain

I think it is widely prevalent. Actually, in my own experience with the Paranormal Game, situation 5 has seemed to be the dominating state of affairs. Consequently, I feel that for progress to be made in the general program, much more emphasis must be placed upon experimental efforts and empirical s

The ZETETIC SCHOLAR has undertaken to initiate a new experiment in parapsychology wherein both proponents and critics may cooperate in developing a research design satisfactory to both camps. The primary hope is not to establish or deny psi phenomena. It is to create a model for cooperative communic

ZETETIC SCHOLAR is published by Marcello Truzzi and is an independent journal of opinion. All correspondence including manuscripts, letters, books for review, and s ubscription and editorial inquiries should be addressed to: The Editor; ZETETIC SCHOLAR; Department of Sociology;

J OSEPH ~1A Y: The Heresy of a New Synthesis. . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. .. . . 28 Critical Comments by: DAVID MORRISON ......... . 48 R.G .A. DOLBY ....... 64 LEROY ELLENBERGER ....... 50

R.G .A. DOLBY ....... 64 LEROY ELLENBERGER ....... 50 ROBERT MCAULAY ..... 64 MICHAEL JONES........ . .. 54 PETER J . HUBER .... . 67

ROBERT MCAULAY ..... 64 MICHAEL JONES........ . .. 54 PETER J . HUBER .... . 67 MALCOLM LOWERY .......... 60 DONALD GOLDSMITH ... 67

MICHAEL JONES........ . .. 54 PETER J . HUBER .... . 67 MALCOLM LOWERY .......... 60 DONALD GOLDSMITH ... 67 Epilogue by M.TRUZZI. ..................... .... ....... ... . 68

PETER J . HUBER .... . 67 MALCOLM LOWERY .......... 60 DONALD GOLDSMITH ... 67 Epilogue by M.TRUZZI. ..................... .... ....... ... . 68 RICHARD DE MILLE: Explicating Anomalistic Anthropology with

DONALD GOLDSMITH ... 67 Epilogue by M.TRUZZI. ..................... .... ....... ... . 68 RICHARD DE MILLE: Explicating Anomalistic Anthropology with Help from Castaneda ............................. 69 EDITORIAL .......................................................... 2

Epilogue by M.TRUZZI. ..................... .... ....... ... . 68 RICHARD DE MILLE: Explicating Anomalistic Anthropology with Help from Castaneda ............................. 69 EDITORIAL .......................................................... 2 ASTROLOGY: A REVIEW SYMPOSIUM ....................

DANE RUDHYAR .. . . .. ... 83 MALCOLM DEAN .. ....... . . . 89 H.J . EYSENCK ..... .... 85 The Authors (GEOFFREY DEAN & ARTHUR MATHER ) Respond To G.O. Abe11 . ...... . 93

To G.O. Abe11 . ...... . 93 To Michel Gauquel in ..... 99 To Dane Rudhyar . . .... 96 To Malco1m Dean ......... lOO To H.J. Eysenck . ..... 98

•••••••••••••••••• •

Cf THE lliiRD KIND* Why l.lhotdd a. dog, a. hoMe, a ttM;, have l i 0e... ?--:.Shakespeare They a.tte a. IUghVt ~0/t.m o6 li6e.,!My dog, my da.ughXVt., o.nd my wi6e,/1nhabltantl.l o6 a 6ou4th dimen4ion/Too myl.ltic 6ott my eom~ehenl.l~on.--Ogden Nash

Why l.lhotdd a. dog, a. hoMe, a ttM;, have l i 0e... ?--:.Shakespeare They a.tte a. IUghVt ~0/t.m o6 li6e.,!My dog, my da.ughXVt., o.nd my wi6e,/1nhabltantl.l o6 a 6ou4th dimen4ion/Too myl.ltic 6ott my eom~ehenl.l~on.--Ogden Nash Ethologists customarily distinguish between two sorts of

AND THEIR KIN COMPILED BY Ml\RCELLO TRUZZ I & J. RI CHt\RD GREENvJELL [Our special thanks for help from Harry Senn.]

COMPILED BY Ml\RCELLO TRUZZ I & J. RI CHt\RD GREENvJELL [Our special thanks for help from Harry Senn.] Andree, R., Ethnographische Parallelen und Vergleiche. Leipzig: 1889.

Ml\RCELLO TRUZZ I & J. RI CHt\RD GREENvJELL [Our special thanks for help from Harry Senn.] Andree, R., Ethnographische Parallelen und Vergleiche. Leipzig: 1889. Aylesworth, Thomas G., Werewolves and Other Monsters. Reading,

J. RI CHt\RD GREENvJELL [Our special thanks for help from Harry Senn.] Andree, R., Ethnographische Parallelen und Vergleiche. Leipzig: 1889. Aylesworth, Thomas G., Werewolves and Other Monsters. Reading, Mass. : Addis on- Wesley, 1971.

[Our special thanks for help from Harry Senn.] Andree, R., Ethnographische Parallelen und Vergleiche. Leipzig: 1889. Aylesworth, Thomas G., Werewolves and Other Monsters. Reading, Mass. : Addis on- Wesley, 1971. B., H. G., 11 Lycanthropy, 11 Occult Review, 3.2_, #4 (Apr. 1917), 214-217.

"We certainly are not to deny whatever we cannot account for. A thousand phenomena present themselves daily whi ch we cannot explain, but where facts are suggested, bearing no analogy with the laws of nature as yet known to us, their verity needs proof proportioned to their difficulty. A cautious mi

ELLENBERGER - MICHAEL JONES - MALCOLM LOWERY - R. G.A. DOLBY - ROBERT MCAULA Y - PETER J. HUBER and DONALD GOLDSMITH THE HERESY OF A NE\~ SYNTHESIS

LOWERY - R. G.A. DOLBY - ROBERT MCAULA Y - PETER J. HUBER and DONALD GOLDSMITH THE HERESY OF A NE\~ SYNTHESIS

THE HERESY OF A NE\~ SYNTHESIS It is well known that the history of science contains many instances in which the orthodoxy of an age has been later overthrown,

It is well known that the history of science contains many instances in which the orthodoxy of an age has been later overthrown, even concerning fundamental matters thought to be well established. This experience should serve as a caution against hasty rejection of theories going against the convent

It is well known that the history of science contains many instances in which the orthodoxy of an age has been later overthrown, even concerning fundamental matters thought to be well established. This experience should serve as a caution against hasty rejection of theories going against the convent

The Student Academic Freedom Forum, Box 414, Portland, Oregon 97207 dedicated ten issues of its journal Pensee to a series titled, Immanue1 Velikovsky Reconsidered" before the demise of the journal. However, most of the issues in this series are still obtainable from the above source. Some articles

In the nearly thirty years since the publication of Worlds in Collision, the ideas of Immanuel Velikovsky have been widely dis:cussed and frequently rebutted. The most extensive critical discussion has been published by Cornell University Press under the title Scientists Confront Velikovsky, edited

In the nearly thirty years since the publication of Worlds in Collision, the ideas of Immanuel Velikovsky have been widely dis:cussed and frequently rebutted. The most extensive critical discussion has been published by Cornell University Press under the title Scientists Confront Velikovsky, edited

Joseph May commendably presents clearly and objectively the far-ranging scope and coherence of Velikovsky's work. The explanation of collective amnesia (pp. 38-39) is one of the better such. His answers to many criticisms, e.g., Venus' early cometary nature and relegating Occam's Razor to its proper

To begin with it is necessary to banish once and for all the absurd suggestion that 'the vested interests and ego involvement' of some scholars have prevented them from taking a rational approach to Velikovsky's work. This kind of statement is exactly that which can be calculated to antagonize schol

I can only give a fervent welcome to Dr. May's attempt to persuade science and scholarship to adopt a rational approach to Velikovsky's ideas and wish it every success; on every point he makes, I find myself in full agreement with him, and I applaud the facility with which he has compressed an overv

; idem: "Velikovsky's Revised Chronology and the Archaeology of the Hittites, in Glasgow proceedings. 8. Bimson, "Merenphah" (2£. cit.). 9. Otto H. Schindewolf (Ttlbingen): "Neocatastrophism?"; L.J. Salop (Leningrad): "Glaciations, Biologic Crises and Supernovae"; Harold

Many thanks for sending me Joseph May's paper on Velikovsky. I appreciate receiving up-to-date material on the Velikovsky affair. May I suggest, however, the following chain of difficulties in May's simplistic analysis of which heterodox ideas we should take seriously. In reading it I noted a latent

For the most part I find Joseph May's piece a cogent and useful discussion of certain strengths of Dr. Velikovsky's work. It is to May's credit that he has been able, in a limited space, to make a lucid case supporting the notion that Velikovsky's ideas are worthy of serious consideration. Whatever

One problem with Velikovsky and his followers is that all too often they maltreat their sources {I drew attention to a crass example on the first page of my contribution to Scientists Confront Velikovsky' ). Another one is that they tend to repeat the same, clearly wrong assertions ad nauseam (for e

Dr. May has a temperate ·style, but, like other Velikovsky defenders, seems unwilling to face the fact that Velikovsky's physics cannot stand the test of reality. Dr. May does go so far as to say that "The first impression of nearly every physicist is that this [the heart of Velikovsky's assumptions

Comments were received from a"proximately half of the scientists I contacted. Objections to this dialogue came from both sides. Friends of Dr. Velikovsky's views felt that Dr. Velikovsky was making no paranormal claims and therefore should not be discussed iri a journal such as ZS that deals with ma

Af'D1ALISTIC ANTHJUlOL(l)'f WITH HELP Flll'1 CASTANffil\ RIC~RD DE Mlll..E Anomalistic anthropology treats both infrequent and frequent informants 1 reports of events believed;

WITH HELP Flll'1 CASTANffil\ RIC~RD DE Mlll..E Anomalistic anthropology treats both infrequent and frequent informants 1 reports of events believed; judged, or suspected of being paranormal-- that is,

RIC~RD DE Mlll..E Anomalistic anthropology treats both infrequent and frequent informants 1 reports of events believed; judged, or suspected of being paranormal-- that is, either irreparably discontinuous from the natural

Anomalistic anthropology treats both infrequent and frequent informants 1 reports of events believed; judged, or suspected of being paranormal-- that is, either irreparably discontinuous from the natural order or inexplicable by established scientific theory

Responsible concern with inquiry into paranormal events must fo'cus upen their best, their most responsible ;proponents. The occult press, especially sensationalistic newspapers and magazines, should be of little interest to

. Recent Advances in Natal Astrology is a monumental compendium. It 1s both a survey and, in many cases, a critical review of a large portion of the astrological literature of the past three-quarters of a century. More than 1000 books and journal articles are cited, and these references have been se

This book was certainly meant to be an inclusive attempt to make some sense out of the obvious chaos of systems and opinions constituting what we today call astrology. It is, however, an entirely biased attempt because it starts from a black-and-white, either-or opposition between "truth" (defined a

Like most psychologists my view of astrology was entirely negative. I believed it to be a relatively harmless superstition which in modern times seemed to take the p1ace of religion for the unthinking . masses. I was somewhat shaken in this belief when I came across the work of Gauquelin which seeme

Dean's book ~ertainly is a publication that all people interested in astrology (believer or skeptical) must have in their library. I think it is the most valua~le effort for gathering in one volume what astrologers have published since the beginning of this century (and, God knows, how over-abundant

Recent Advances in Natal Astrology {R.A.) is a brilliant and daring book. But 1n many-ways I regret to say that its publication in this fashion and at this time is a mistake. Let me place this in an historical context. During 1975, two significant events in the history of Astrology

FR<Jt1 GEOFFREY DEAN : Professor Abell has raised some interesting points, with which we are largely in agreement, as follows: He is correct in saying that we neither attack nor defend astrology. It is true that some astrologers

Professor Abell has raised some interesting points, with which we are largely in agreement, as follows: He is correct in saying that we neither attack nor defend astrology. It is true that some astrologers have voiced strong objections to the book, mostly for

Professor Abell's review is in my opinion the first which comes fully and fairly to grips with the book. His essential conclusion is that we effectively reject traditional astrology while making a strong case for a scientific "neoastrology... This is not unreasonable for

Here are Mr. Rudhyar's main points together with our 1. The book is biased because it distinguishes truth from belief. A curious view. 2. It attempts to discredit Rudhyar•s symbolic approach to astrology. This is correct. However

Professor Eysenck suggests that too much importance is given to work of little value. This point is also raised by Mr. Gauquelin. Unfortunately most of this work is not available through most libraries. Hence to dismiss it out of hand would deny independent appraisal,

FROM ~.DEAN &A. MATHER {Mr. Gauquelin's quote from COlombet•s article sould be enlarged to read as follows, otherwise one of the points we both metion will be obscure: "The test ••• contains a fundamental defect: he gives us a

{Mr. Gauquelin's quote from COlombet•s article sould be enlarged to read as follows, otherwise one of the points we both metion will be obscure: "The test ••• contains a fundamental defect: he gives us a purely external picture of each subject, whereas experience shows that astrology mirrors the int

FROM GEOFFREY DEAN: Malcolm Dean brings to this review symposium the typical media journalist's preoccupation with sensation at at the expense of objectivity and balance. Thus he begins with a condemnation of the scientific community

Malcolm Dean brings to this review symposium the typical media journalist's preoccupation with sensation at at the expense of objectivity and balance. Thus he begins with a condemnation of the scientific community because some scientists condemn popular astrology without

Malcolm Dean•s review will probably put the book (RA) into better perspective, for the readership of this journal, than of the other reviews. His reaction is basically emotional; and, in common with other astrologers, he criticizes RA outwith the context in which it was written& The book makes it qu

JOSEPH AGASSI The editor of Zetetic Scholar has challenged me to check the claims of current astrology to scientific status, by the lights of Sir Karl Popper's criterion of demarcation of science or by any other criterion. I accepted and agreed to review Recent Advances in Natal

The editor of Zetetic Scholar has challenged me to check the claims of current astrology to scientific status, by the lights of Sir Karl Popper's criterion of demarcation of science or by any other criterion. I accepted and agreed to review Recent Advances in Natal Astroloay: A Critical Review, 1900

FROM GEOFFREY DEAN &ARTHUR MATHER: On Prof. Agassi's main topic of superstition we are not competent to comment. Hence we shall confine our response to those parts of his essay which involve our book, namely scattered snippets comprising about 14% of the total.

On Prof. Agassi's main topic of superstition we are not competent to comment. Hence we shall confine our response to those parts of his essay which involve our book, namely scattered snippets comprising about 14% of the total. Briefly, his verdict is that our book is no more confused than average bu

Article on UFO witness reliability. Bibliography on the Lunar Effect. Article on the Sasquatch. ZS bia.logue on Parapsycholegy. ZS Dialogue on UFO theories.

BIBLIOORAPHY ON "SCIENTIFIC STIJDIES OF CLASSICAL ASTROLOOY" (zsJ I ,ff2.) Couderc, Paul, L' Astrologie. Presses Universitaires de France, 1974. Illingworth, D.J., & G.J. Symes, "Birthdate and Femininity," Journal of Social Psychology, 103 {1977), 153-154. Mayes, B., & H. E. Klugh, "Birthdate Psycho

Couderc, Paul, L' Astrologie. Presses Universitaires de France, 1974. Illingworth, D.J., & G.J. Symes, "Birthdate and Femininity," Journal of Social Psychology, 103 {1977), 153-154. Mayes, B., & H. E. Klugh, "Birthdate Psychology: A Look at Some New Data. Journal of Psychology, 99 (1978), 27-30

Agniel, Lucien, "Real Dracula Was No Tourist Attraction," Smithsonian, .§_, #11 (Feb. 1975), 108-113. Frank, Alan, Monsters and Vampires. London: Octopus Books, 1976. Garden, Nancy, Vampires. Philadlephia, Pa.: J.B. Lippincott, 1973. Glut, Oonald, True Vampires of History. Secaucus, NY: Castle Books

The 6oltowing eontnibuted ~cle& o~ ~ev~~ to the 6~t 6o~ ttumb<?M o6 ZETET1C SCHOLAR. The paJLt.i.etd.aJL .U4ue (4) to w~c.h the autho~ c.ontnibuted .1.1, htcUc.ttted ht the bJr..a.c.kw 6oltowing the ~ent.iMc.a:tum o6 the a.atho~. GEORGE 0. ABELL is a Professor of Astronomy at the University of Calif

Skoptlcl,.,., Scf•ne•, and the Paranorau1L ............. 3 IIARCEllO TRUZZ I On fho bfroordlnory: An Att..,pt at Clarification •• ll 8E~NARO J. FREMERMAN Econo"'le Rel.a1lonJhlplt An Updated

On fho bfroordlnory: An Att..,pt at Clarification •• ll 8E~NARO J. FREMERMAN Econo"'le Rel.a1lonJhlplt An Updated Report ............... , ................. , ...... 23

Econo"'le Rel.a1lonJhlplt An Updated Report ............... , ................. , ...... 23 DICK HOOPER

nt OCIU<tt U.dU!I"OtuiO (!Urtin Car<lnn)... ~~ Ronold Enrotll's Youth ~IWtg Md tht E~t Cu.Uo (Roy Wallia) ................................... S3 l .. ll• Shol"'rd'• &tcl/C!h~ "'~"I P'iwtpoydwtogv (Harcello 'l'runil .................. •. • • • .. .. .. • S4

Anoolaltn' A Bibliograpl!lc lntrodi.ICtiM with Scat cautionary R<!oolrltriences?.................. 11. TEED ROCKWELL

llllat Factors C.n Account for UFO Elq>triences?.................. 11. TEED ROCKWELL Pnoscrfpthe Epistellfc Ethics..................................

Pnoscrfpthe Epistellfc Ethics.................................. EDITORIAL ...................................................... &11

A.ShotlOWitz & P. llalsh's Tht: Uaitt S<.dt oj Knctot:<dgtc . (Lau...,nt A. Beauregard) .................................... P7 M. Mortln's No4t0g~ .to tht: .Pf.v.U {Laur<!nt A. BeaurejJllrd) ....... J.:.i F. Sontaq's Swt ~!/IU!9 lloM Md tit~ U....:~" Chwtclt (8ey llalllS) ..........................

WILLIAM F, POWERS CHARLES T, TART DECEMBER 1979 ZETETIC SCHOLAR is published by Marcello Truzzi and is an independent journal of opinion. All correspondence, including manuscripts,

AttituJes of College Professors Toward Extra-Sensory Perception. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ;\ DIALOGUE ON 11 STATISTICAL PROBLEMS IN PSI RESEARCH" Prologue: M. TRUZZI ..................................•...••...... 17 Reply t

Prologue: M. TRUZZI ..................................•...••...... 17 Reply to Persi Diaconis: EDWARD F. KELLY ........................ 20 Rejoinder to Edward F. Kelly: PERSI DIACONIS .................... 29 PIERRE GUERIN Thirty Years After Kenneth Arnold: The Situation

Thirty Years After Kenneth Arnold: The Situation Regarding UFOs ............................................... 35 J. RICHARD GREENWELL A Review of UFO Witnesses Re 1i ability......... . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . 54 RON WESTRUM

Literalism and Symbolism in Anthropological Understanding: The Sasquatch Image ........................... 66 The Heresy of a New Synthesis 11 :The Author Responds ............ '78 ZS DIALOGUES CONTINUED JOSEPH AGASSI: Rejoinder. I G. DEAN &A. MATHER: Reply············ 85

JOSEPH AGASSI: Rejoinder. I G. DEAN &A. MATHER: Reply············ 85 C. lEROY ELLENBERGER: Comments on the Dialogue on Velikovsky ....... 89 LETTERS ANO COMMUNICATIONS: JAMES W. VAVIS, THOMAS A. SEBEOK, MARVIN A. LUCKERMAN and RANVALL COLLINS •. •••••..•••••••.••••..•. 2 EDITORIAL...................

C. lEROY ELLENBERGER: Comments on the Dialogue on Velikovsky ....... 89 LETTERS ANO COMMUNICATIONS: JAMES W. VAVIS, THOMAS A. SEBEOK, MARVIN A. LUCKERMAN and RANVALL COLLINS •. •••••..•••••••.••••..•. 2 EDITORIAL.......................................................... 5 QUOTEWORTHY. . . . . . . .

MARVIN A. LUCKERMAN and RANVALL COLLINS •. •••••..•••••••.••••..•. 2 EDITORIAL.......................................................... 5 QUOTEWORTHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 ~VAN W. KELLY: BIBLIOGRAPHY ON SCIE

EDITORIAL.......................................................... 5 QUOTEWORTHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 ~VAN W. KELLY: BIBLIOGRAPHY ON SCIENTIFIC STUVIES or: THE "LUNAR EFFECT" ANV HUMAN BEHAVIOR ............

BOOK REVIEWS : . .. . . . . . .. . . 98 Francis Hitching's Vow.M. n.g: The. P.&l Connew.on (R. Hyman); Allan Hendry's The UFO Handbook (R. Westrum and Reply by Hendry); Seymour H. Mauskopf S The Reeeptlon o6 Unconventional Science,

I certainly enjoyed the bulk of Dr. Sebeok's article, Close Encounters with Canid Commu ni cations of the Third Kind, .. but the section dealing with Chris (Page 9) I found deficient for three reasons . First , when an experimental paper in a scientific journa l is available (Tests of Clairvoyance i

I would like to thank Mr . Davis for his added reference and concur that, whenever feasible, the most authoritative citation available should be used. However, I disagree with Mr . Davis' characterization of the Journal of Parapsychology as .. scientific ... Our views about what

P. 3 title: for Communications, 11 read 11 Communication." P. 4, 1. 10: for 1933-39, read 1933:39. P. 15, in the last paragraph of the text, lines 7 and 8 should properly read: " ... in the message destination what should have been sought in the source ... 11

EXTRA-SENSORY PERCEPTION 1 MAHLON W. WAGNER AND MARY MONNET As we convey concepts of science and objectivity to our student~ and to our peers, we typically point to ourselves or to others like us (fellow scientists and professors) as living examples of how to use

MAHLON W. WAGNER AND MARY MONNET As we convey concepts of science and objectivity to our student~ and to our peers, we typically point to ourselves or to others like us (fellow scientists and professors) as living examples of how to use reason and objectivity in order to further the understanding of

As we convey concepts of science and objectivity to our student~ and to our peers, we typically point to ourselves or to others like us (fellow scientists and professors) as living examples of how to use reason and objectivity in order to further the understanding of ourselves and the world around u

EDWARD f, KELLY Persi Diaconis has recently published in Science an article entitled "Statistical Problems in ESP Research." (1) Given the author's qualifications as a professional statistician, a reader unacquainted with the current state of parapsychology research might innocently suppose this art

Persi Diaconis has recently published in Science an article entitled "Statistical Problems in ESP Research." (1) Given the author's qualifications as a professional statistician, a reader unacquainted with the current state of parapsychology research might innocently suppose this article to contain

PERSI DIACONIS I will discuss what I consider to be the three main points made by Kelly. These are: Point 1. My results on feedback experiments are irrelevant to ESP research; and, anyway, the essence of my findings are well

I inherited my mother's ability to send and receive communications. So did one of my sisters. In tests before representatives of the University of California, she was able, seven times out of ten, to receive messages sent to her telepathically. My mother, who lived to be more

THE SITUATION REGARDING UFOS PIERRE GUERIN Autho.10i.zed TMneta.t.Lon by R:on Wu.ttum This 'article makes no pretense of originality. It does not add any new element and it frankly 21dmits owing everything to excellent

PIERRE GUERIN Autho.10i.zed TMneta.t.Lon by R:on Wu.ttum This 'article makes no pretense of originality. It does not add any new element and it frankly 21dmits owing everything to excellent works already published by others. The only merit claimed by its author

SPACESHIPS) This "model"---which was the first to be suggested by UFOlogists and which is still retained by many of them---considers UFO's to be sophisticated extraterrestrial vehicles,coming to earth from interstellar space, to land their humanoids, who have come in quest of specimens of minerals,

This "model"---which was the first to be suggested by UFOlogists and which is still retained by many of them---considers UFO's to be sophisticated extraterrestrial vehicles,coming to earth from interstellar space, to land their humanoids, who have come in quest of specimens of minerals, vegetables,

To deal with these various objections, a school of thought comprising several amateurs both noisy and sure of themselves, but whose intellectual rigor is not always their strong point, has recently published and defended6 the so-called "paranormal" model, which assimilates UFO's to materializations

Let us examine finally the spontaneous waking hallucination "model" (wrongly called the "waking dream" by certain authorsl3) which it is fashionable today to invoke in "rationalist" circles whenever the richness of detail and strangeness of the testimony rules out a banal confusion with a badly inte

It is now possible to decide what UFO's are not, and also what they are, and more generally to draw up a balance sheet from the reflexions which the phenomenon inspires. 1) UFO's are not space-ships come to explore our planet by travelling through interstellar snace; nonetheless they present themsel

It is intentional that I have just invoked Yahweh Sabaoth. For ultimately, in the present context, the Biblical text takes on another dimension, to which the centuries of religious yammering have not accustomed us! More precisely, the comparison which we have just made obliges us to confront direct"

AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR I. STUVTES FAVORING A LUNAR INFLUENCE ON HUMAN BEHAVIOR Abel, E.C., Moon Madness, Greenwich, Conn: Fawcett, 1976. Andrews, E.A . "Moon talk: the cyclic periodicity of postoperative

I. STUVTES FAVORING A LUNAR INFLUENCE ON HUMAN BEHAVIOR Abel, E.C., Moon Madness, Greenwich, Conn: Fawcett, 1976. Andrews, E.A . "Moon talk: the cyclic periodicity of postoperative hemorrhage," Journal o ·~ the Florida Medical Association,

Abel, E.C., Moon Madness, Greenwich, Conn: Fawcett, 1976. Andrews, E.A . "Moon talk: the cyclic periodicity of postoperative hemorrhage," Journal o ·~ the Florida Medical Association, 46 (1961), 1362- 66.

ON HUMAN BEHAVIOR Abell, G.O., "Review of Lieber, The Lunar Effect," The Skeptical Inquirer, l· 3 (1979), 68-73. 2. Abell, G.O. &Greenspan, G., "The Moon and the maternity ward," The Skeptical Inquirer, l· 4(1979), 17-25.

Abell, G.O., "Review of Lieber, The Lunar Effect," The Skeptical Inquirer, l· 3 (1979), 68-73. 2. Abell, G.O. &Greenspan, G., "The Moon and the maternity ward," The Skeptical Inquirer, l· 4(1979), 17-25. 3. Bauer, S.F., &Hornick, E.J., "Lunar effects on mental illness:

STUVTES OF THE LUNAR EFFECT ANV HUMAN BEHAVTOR. Angus, M.D., "The rejection of two explanations of belief in a lunar influence on behavior, 11 Unpublished Master's Thesis, Simon Fraser University, 1973. Gauquelin, M., The Cosmic Clocks. Chicago: Henry Regnery Co., 1967.

Angus, M.D., "The rejection of two explanations of belief in a lunar influence on behavior, 11 Unpublished Master's Thesis, Simon Fraser University, 1973. Gauquelin, M., The Cosmic Clocks. Chicago: Henry Regnery Co., 1967. Kelly, 0., "Mania and the moon, Psychoanalytic Review, 29 (1942),

BIBLIOGRAPHY ON "VAMPIRES: STUDIES &ORGANIZATIONS"(zs~l~ #2) Hartman, Franz, "Vampires," Borderlands, l (1896), 352-356. Jones, Ernest, "The Vampire," in Nightmare Witches and Devils. N.. Y.: W.W. Norton, 1931. Pp. 93-130.

Hartman, Franz, "Vampires," Borderlands, l (1896), 352-356. Jones, Ernest, "The Vampire," in Nightmare Witches and Devils. N.. Y.: W.W. Norton, 1931. Pp. 93-130. Masters. R.E.L., and Eduard Lea, 11 Vampires and Cannibals," in Perverse

Fodor, Nandor, 11 Lycanthropy as a Psychic Mechanism," Journal of American Folklore, 58 (1945), 310-316. Hutton, J.H., "Presidential Address," Folklore, g (1941), 83-100. Jones, Ernest, 11 The Werewolf," in Nightmare Witches and Devils. N.Y.: W.W. Norton, 1931. Pp. 131-153.

J, RICHARD GREENWELL The question of whether UFO reports are a result of unconventional objects or vehicles operating in the earth•s atmosphere hinges entirely on the credibility and reliability of persons reporting such phenomena.

OCEANS: The Oceanic Trio: Siren, Kraken, and Sea-Serpent The Bouillabaisse of Titans: Unclassifiable Marine Monsters METHOD: The Shark-Hunter ' s Manual: Introduction to Cryptozoology One can l ook forward with anticipation to the appearance of each of these titles . Consi deri nq that the first of

Verlhiac/St. Chamassy 24260 Le Bugue LITERALISM AND SYMBOLISM IN ANTHROPOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING: THE SASQUATCH IMAGE ROBIN RIDINGTON

THE SASQUATCH IMAGE ROBIN RIDINGTON Fott MaJtjo!Ue Hai.pin. and to :the MemoJty o6 Wilion Vu66 In the clashino cultural tectonics of our encounters with other ways of life, anthropologists have typically been compened to deal

ROBIN RIDINGTON Fott MaJtjo!Ue Hai.pin. and to :the MemoJty o6 Wilion Vu66 In the clashino cultural tectonics of our encounters with other ways of life, anthropologists have typically been compened to deal at a personal level with the fundamentalism of another culture's

A REFLEXIVE PARABLE She moves before us . Beauty i n the beast Abounds wi thin the true beholder's eye The beast within her every cel l released And blown into a gal axy of sky

She moves before us . Beauty i n the beast Abounds wi thin the true beholder's eye The beast within her every cel l released And blown into a gal axy of sky Unyielding absolute geometry

In ZETETIC SCHOLA R issue #2 {page 154 ), an in vitation was exte nded to r eade r s and scientists generally to pa r t icipate i n a spec i a l precognit i on exper i ment whi ch in c l uded two new elements: ( 1 ) The resear ch design was to be agreed upon bo th wh at would constitute positive res

Allen, Vernon L. , "Soci a1 Support for Nonconformity, 11 in L. Berkowi tz, ed. , Advances in Experi menta 1 Soci a 1 Psycho 1ogy, .§.. N. Y. : Academic Press, 1975. Pp. 1-43. Anderson, S.F. , 11 The Cottingley Fairy Photographs: A Re-Appraisal of the Evidence, 11 Folklore, 84 (Suntner 1973}, 89-103

RESUBSCRIBE t---==-~Y=t'===!.1

t---==-~Y=t'===!.1 nTHE HERESY OF A NEW SYNTHESIS": THE AUTHOR RESPONDS

The paper, wide-ranging as it was, engendered comments from a number of directions. While all contributions are appreciated, it is perhaps best to restrict further discussion to two areas: (1) the validity of particular Velikovskian propositions, and (2) the treatment of new hypotheses.

Thank you for your kind invitation to respond to the response of Geoffrey Dean and Arthur Mather, the authors of Recent Advances in Natal Astrology, to my review of their book. I hesitate. My review was too long, and, as they say, goes off in a tangent to discuss the nature of suoerstition. My respo

Prof. Agassi•s response has confirmed his disbelief in astrology but has contributed nothing to the basic issue, namely the factual evidence for astrological beliefs. Here are his main points together with our response: 1. Astrology is superstition; superstition is worthless; therefore

ON THE THEORIES OF IMMANUEL VELIKOVSKY : We' Jte c.onc..erWta.U.ng on h fltJJ Mtltonomy- -the c.o.6mo.6 --Jte.f.a;te.J.> to human bungl.> ... ht teJlJn.6 o 6 thq_ fU.6toJty o 6 li6e on ea.Jtth having been detvr.mi._ned by C.0.6mic. even-t-6, a.nd how OWl pftil.ol.>oph.ie.J.> a.nd myth.6 a.Jte in ma.

We' Jte c.onc..erWta.U.ng on h fltJJ Mtltonomy- -the c.o.6mo.6 --Jte.f.a;te.J.> to human bungl.> ... ht teJlJn.6 o 6 thq_ fU.6toJty o 6 li6e on ea.Jtth having been detvr.mi._ned by C.0.6mic. even-t-6, a.nd how OWl pftil.ol.>oph.ie.J.> a.nd myth.6 a.Jte in ma.ny wa.y.6 tied t o Mtltonomic.al. theme~.

I would like to thank Marcello Truzzi for the opportunity to comment on Ron Westrum's review of my book, as well as Ron Westrum for his kind compliments. I do submit, however, that Wcstrum's criticisms of the book represent, by and large, a misunderstanding of the spirit of my IFO/ UFO arguments. It

JOSEPH AGASSI is a Professor of Philosophy at Boston University and the author of Towards an Historiography of Science. GEOFFREY DEAN is an analytic chemist and astrologer and co-author of Recent Advances in Natal Astrology: A Critical Review 1900-1976. PERSI DIACONIS is an Associate Professor Stati

Skopttcl•lll, Scltf1c•~ end tt•• l'trtnor,.. t. .......... . MARCEUO TRU ZZ l On tho hlroordlnorv• An Ath01pt et Clorlllcotlon,. 11

On tho hlroordlnorv• An Ath01pt et Clorlllcotlon,. 11 IEAMUD J. FREMERMAN Soler ~l'ld EeonoMie Aelltloftthl(>t: An Updatld Report •••••••••.••••.•••••••••••••••.•••• , •••• Catttnodll: Trlclut•r-teach•r. A Convtrt•tlon with

Soler ~l'ld EeonoMie Aelltloftthl(>t: An Updatld Report •••••••••.••••.•••••••••••••••.•••• , •••• Catttnodll: Trlclut•r-teach•r. A Convtrt•tlon with Rlcnord d• Mill• .............................. 27

J•"'"' ~obb'• Tkt OetuU !Mrlt'JI~OUI!d (Martin C.rdnlrl ... 51 RonOid Enrol'tl'• Vou.tla ~,..,.I 41td tltt E..C.W.Ut C..U. (Ray "llU1l ................................... 53 Lull• ShnpOrd'• f•evclopt.ti.IA "' !le~• • """"'~•QV (Maroello Tr101dl •••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••• 54

A S.•lc Dlbll09rophlc C..l~o to tl>o loblto (M. Truu1) ....... ~:~~ ~~r~!!"(M~h~~i;fL~.~~:·~~~. ~~.~~~~~~~ ~ -~··· ··· 31 Url G<tllor & thl S<ltntllh: A S.•lc 8lbll011rophy (M, TI'IIUI

,JOSC£Piil 1VIY : The Here<y of ' New Synthesis . .' ................. ,.::: 28 r t 1r11 1 Comnc·nts by: OAVHJ I<ORRISON .......... 4R R.U.A. IJIJlBY ....... 64 ~\~~~~tl~~~~~RG(~::::::: ~~

R.U.A. IJIJlBY ....... 64 ~\~~~~tl~~~~~RG(~::::::: ~~ HOIII.RT MCAlllAY ..... HAt COL M I.OW£RY.......... 60 P[TEII J. IIUU(R ..... 67

~\~~~~tl~~~~~RG(~::::::: ~~ HOIII.RT MCAlllAY ..... HAt COL M I.OW£RY.......... 60 P[TEII J. IIUU(R ..... 67 llONAlO GOLDSMITH ..• 67

HAt COL M I.OW£RY.......... 60 P[TEII J. IIUU(R ..... 67 llONAlO GOLDSMITH ..• 67 Epilogue toy M. TRUZZI........ • • .. • .. • • • • • ............. 68

P[TEII J. IIUU(R ..... 67 llONAlO GOLDSMITH ..• 67 Epilogue toy M. TRUZZI........ • • .. • .. • • • • • ............. 68

llONAlO GOLDSMITH ..• 67 Epilogue toy M. TRUZZI........ • • .. • .. • • • • • ............. 68 Explicating AnO<nalist1c Anthropology with

Epilogue toy M. TRUZZI........ • • .. • .. • • • • • ............. 68 Explicating AnO<nalist1c Anthropology with Help from C•stane~a ............................. 69

.. .................... , , ......................... A I"CVI(W SYMPOSIUM................................... ~~~ ~~~~~ t;~;~ M. TRUZZI ••.• ,, , , , . , •.....• , .... , .••.•••.•.• 71 ''' 1·r..O. Mfll ........... 74

DANE IWUIIYAR ......... 83 HALCOLM DEAN ........... 89 lo G.O. Abell. ....... 93

HALCOLM DEAN ........... 89 lo G.O. Abell. ....... 93 To Michel Gauquelin ..... 99 To M41colm Dean •••••••• lOO

lo G.O. Abell. ....... 93 To Michel Gauquelin ..... 99 To M41colm Dean •••••••• lOO 'f\JilTEWORTIIY ......................... , . .. .. • • .. .. .............. ., .. 25

' I •• I . ' I I •• I I i I I . I ••• f I . ' . ' t t t I •••

Issue #1 is available only in a xerox reduced copy .......... $6 Issue #2, while still in stock ... $6 Issue #3/4 while still in stock .. $10 Issue #5 ......................... $6

I •1wren< f' E., Jf!rorne's AUht•.fnfltf V./~p11nvctl (Anthony Standcn) ....•• 127 A.R, l h:tH'!r s lh1• Lum:vt f ~6v,•t: l.tiofog.iea.r T..i.dvo rt 11 d lfwMn HOO!r:~" ~~;;:;;•IJ}J (lvlln W. ke11y}.,., ............................... ,. lZB Y NOTED .......... , .....................................

i~ ~~~~ ~~~=~~::::::~~ EDITORIAl ..................... , ................................ 64 LETTERS a COtiHUNICATIONS ............ , ....................... 67 DIAlOGUES: l. llttUI't9lrd*J.Pa1Nr*R.HyNn"W.E.O.nforth ..•••.•.••• 107 BOOK REVIEWS

RON WE STRUM a MARCEllO TRUZZ I ~liu: A 8ib110<1rll>hic lntroduc:tiOfl with stoutlonary Retollrks.... . .. .. .. • .. • .. .. .. . • . .. .. .. .. .. • .. . . . . . 69 MICHAEL A PERSIHGER Whit F~eto" ton Aecllllllt for UFO Eloplrltncell.................. 91 W. TEED ROCkWEll

~liu: A 8ib110<1rll>hic lntroduc:tiOfl with stoutlonary Retollrks.... . .. .. .. • .. • .. .. .. . • . .. .. .. .. .. • .. . . . . . 69 MICHAEL A PERSIHGER Whit F~eto" ton Aecllllllt for UFO Eloplrltncell.................. 91 W. TEED ROCkWEll Prucript1v. [plltMie Ethics .............................

Whit F~eto" ton Aecllllllt for UFO Eloplrltncell.................. 91 W. TEED ROCkWEll Prucript1v. [plltMie Ethics .................................. 95 OICK MOOPER

ISSUE NUf·1BER 6 CHARLES T, TART ZETETIC SCHOLAR is published by Marcello Truzzi and is an independent journal of opinion. All correspondence, including manuscripts, letters, books for review, and subscription and editorial

CHARLES T, TART ZETETIC SCHOLAR is published by Marcello Truzzi and is an independent journal of opinion. All correspondence, including manuscripts, letters, books for review, and subscription and editorial inquiries should be addressed to: The Editor; ZETETIC SCHOLAR;

Psychic Research: New Dimensions or Old Delusions? ............... 5 J. RICHARD GREENWELL &JAMES E. KING Scientists and Anomalous Phenomena: Preliminary Results of a Survey ....•.....•......................................... 17 Pathological Science: Towards a Proper Diagnosis and

Scientists and Anomalous Phenomena: Preliminary Results of a Survey ....•.....•......................................... 17 Pathological Science: Towards a Proper Diagnosis and Remedy ...•..................................................... 31 Critical Comments By:

STEPHEN BRAUDE •............ 42 ANTONY FLEW ............ 55 HAROLD I. BROWN ............ 44 J.N. HATTIANGADI ....... 56 MARIO BUNGE ....•........... 45

ANTONY FLEW ............ 55 HAROLD I. BROWN ............ 44 J.N. HATTIANGADI ....... 56 MARIO BUNGE ....•........... 45 SEYMOUR H. MAUSKOPF .... 58

MARIO BUNGE ....•........... 45 SEYMOUR H. MAUSKOPF .... 58 ROGER COOTER ............... 47 ANDY PICKERING ......... 60 ALLEN G. DEBUS ............. 50

ROGER COOTER ............... 47 ANDY PICKERING ......... 60 ALLEN G. DEBUS ............. 50 THEODORE ROCKWELL ...... 63 GERALD L. EBERLEIN ........ ;51

ALLEN G. DEBUS ............. 50 THEODORE ROCKWELL ...... 63 GERALD L. EBERLEIN ........ ;51 PAUL THAGARD ........... 65 EDWARD W. KARNES, ELLEN P. SUSMAN, PATRICIA KLUSMAN &

GERALD L. EBERLEIN ........ ;51 PAUL THAGARD ........... 65 EDWARD W. KARNES, ELLEN P. SUSMAN, PATRICIA KLUSMAN & LAURIE TURCOTTE Failures to Replicate Remote-Viewing Using Psychic Subjects ...•.. 66

PAUL THAGARD ........... 65 EDWARD W. KARNES, ELLEN P. SUSMAN, PATRICIA KLUSMAN & LAURIE TURCOTTE Failures to Replicate Remote-Viewing Using Psychic Subjects ...•.. 66 Critical Comments By:

EDWARD W. KARNES, ELLEN P. SUSMAN, PATRICIA KLUSMAN & LAURIE TURCOTTE Failures to Replicate Remote-Viewing Using Psychic Subjects ...•.. 66 Critical Comments By: JAMES CALKINS ...................... 77 DAVID MARKS &RICHARD

LAURIE TURCOTTE Failures to Replicate Remote-Viewing Using Psychic Subjects ...•.. 66 Critical Comments By: JAMES CALKINS ...................... 77 DAVID MARKS &RICHARD KAMMANN ........... 83

Failures to Replicate Remote-Viewing Using Psychic Subjects ...•.. 66 Critical Comments By: JAMES CALKINS ...................... 77 DAVID MARKS &RICHARD KAMMANN ........... 83 BRENDA J. DUNNE & ROBERT G. JAHN ... 81

KAMMANN ........... 83 BRENDA J. DUNNE & ROBERT G. JAHN ... 81 ARTHUR HASTINGS .................... 82 JAMES RAND I. ........ 84 CHARLES T. TART ..... 85 Edward W. Karnes and Ellen P. Sussman Respond to the Comments ..... 86

ARTHUR HASTINGS .................... 82 JAMES RAND I. ........ 84 CHARLES T. TART ..... 85 Edward W. Karnes and Ellen P. Sussman Respond to the Comments ..... 86 JOHN BELOFF Seven Evi denti a1 Experiments ..................................... 91

Edward W. Karnes and Ellen P. Sussman Respond to the Comments ..... 86 JOHN BELOFF Seven Evi denti a1 Experiments ..................................... 91 Critical Comments By: JAMES ALCOCK ...•......... 95

Seven Evi denti a1 Experiments ..................................... 91 Critical Comments By: JAMES ALCOCK ...•......... 95 J. FRASER NICOL ....... 104 IRVIN L, CHILD ........... 95

IRVIN L, CHILD ........... 95 JOHN PALMER .......•... 106 DANIEL COHEN ............. 97 K. RAMAKRISHNA RA0 .... 107 JAMES RANDI ........... 109

JAMES RANDI ........... 109 H.M. COLLINS ............. 98 ROBERT L. MORRIS ......... lOO CHRISTOPHER SCOTT ..... llO J. RICARDO MUSSO &MIRTA SYBO SCHOUTEN ...•... l12

J. RICARDO MUSSO &MIRTA SYBO SCHOUTEN ...•... l12 GRANERO ............... 100 REX G. STANFORD ....... 113 John Beloff Replies to His Commentators .......................... l16 What•s New On the New Religions? A Review of Recent Books ........ 155

SYBO SCHOUTEN ...•... l12 GRANERO ............... 100 REX G. STANFORD ....... 113 John Beloff Replies to His Commentators .......................... l16 What•s New On the New Religions? A Review of Recent Books ........ 155

GRANERO ............... 100 REX G. STANFORD ....... 113 John Beloff Replies to His Commentators .......................... l16 What•s New On the New Religions? A Review of Recent Books ........ 155 ZS VIALOGUES CONTINUEV

EDWARD F. KELLY responds to Persi DiaconiS S reply .............. . CHARLES T. TART comments on Persi Diaconis's reply .............. . PERSI OIACONIS replies to Edward F. Kelly and Charles T. Tart ... . JON BECKJORD comments on Robin Ridington's article ................ 133 ROBIN RIDINGTON replies

RANDOM BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE OCCULT &THE PARANORMAL ...•..........•. l47 SUPPLEMENTS TO PAST ZETETIC SCHOLAR BIBLIOGRAPHIES ................ 154 BOOK REVIEWS Milbourne Christopher's S~ch 6o~ ~he Sout (Martin Ebon) ...... 170 E.R. Hilgard's V~v~ded Co~~oubneh~ {IVAN W. KELLY} ........... l71

SUPPLEMENTS TO PAST ZETETIC SCHOLAR BIBLIOGRAPHIES ................ 154 BOOK REVIEWS Milbourne Christopher's S~ch 6o~ ~he Sout (Martin Ebon) ...... 170 E.R. Hilgard's V~v~ded Co~~oubneh~ {IVAN W. KELLY} ........... l71 BOOKS BRIEFLY NOTED ............................................... 173

BOOK REVIEWS Milbourne Christopher's S~ch 6o~ ~he Sout (Martin Ebon) ...... 170 E.R. Hilgard's V~v~ded Co~~oubneh~ {IVAN W. KELLY} ........... l71 BOOKS BRIEFLY NOTED ............................................... 173 ANNOUNCEMENTS

CHRISTOPHER EVANS We were greatly saddend to learn of the death of Dr. Christopher Evans in England on October 10, 1979. Chris Evans was an extraor- dinary person and will be deeply missed. In addition to his many contributions to psychology, especially dream research, he had a

ROBERT G, JAHN EV1TOR'S NOTE: This article comprises a transcript of an address presented to the New Horizons in Science Seventeenth Annual Briefing, Council

This article comprises a transcript of an address presented to the New Horizons in Science Seventeenth Annual Briefing, Council for the Advancement of Science Writing, Inc., on November 8, 1979, in Palo Alto, California. The charge to the speaker was a tutorial presentation which would provide the

For purposes of constructing a concise catalogue, I shall define psychic phenomena to include all processes of information and/or energy exchange which involve animate consciousness in a manner not presently explicable in terms of known science. By psychic research, I shall imply any scholarly study

Since even the best extant research has been tediously slow to yield convincing results, if a new round of experiments is to be considered it seems important to reexamine ab initio the criteria, topic selection, and philosophical attitude that should prevail. For example, qiven the orecedinq pattern

PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A SURVEY J, RICHARD GREENWELL AND JAMES E. KING Introduction In the summer of 1978, we surveyed 300 professional scientists on two types of anomalous phenomena, Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster

J, RICHARD GREENWELL AND JAMES E. KING Introduction In the summer of 1978, we surveyed 300 professional scientists on two types of anomalous phenomena, Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster (hereinafter referred to as Nessie). Three kinds of scientists were

Introduction In the summer of 1978, we surveyed 300 professional scientists on two types of anomalous phenomena, Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster (hereinafter referred to as Nessie). Three kinds of scientists were involved: physical anthropologists, marine biologists, and physical

Anthropologists (1) There is an absence of physical evidence to support the existence of this hypothetical creature, and quite significant theoretical basis for doubting its existence. I can't take all the time gratis to go into all the details now ... but think that if you're really serious you

Phystcal Anthropologists (1) I have visited and camped on Loch Ness. Great story -- it keeps the tourists coming -- also a beautiful place. I don't believe in the Loch Ness Monster, but I am glad we have the myth. (2) I would give (Nessie research) money in pure science to competent and productive p

THE FORMATION OF PSI SOURCES INTERNATIONAL CPSD Readers of ZETETIC SCHOLAR may be interested in participation with a new organization now being initiated. (This is essentially independent of ZS,and readers should not infer any endorsemnt by the ZS editorial board.) PSI SOURCES INTERNATIONAL (PSI} is

Readers of ZETETIC SCHOLAR may be interested in participation with a new organization now being initiated. (This is essentially independent of ZS,and readers should not infer any endorsemnt by the ZS editorial board.) PSI SOURCES INTERNATIONAL (PSI} is being formed to produce a large research pool o

P.O. Box 1052 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 PATHOLOGICAL SCIENCE: TOWARDS A PROPER DIAGNOSIS AND REMEDY*

DIAGNOSIS AND REMEDY* How would you react to the following situation: A competent and respected colleague reports to you that he held a seance in his own home. During the course of the seance, one of the sitters asked

How would you react to the following situation: A competent and respected colleague reports to you that he held a seance in his own home. During the course of the seance, one of the sitters asked if the medium could materialize a sunflower.

COMMENTS BY JOSEPH AGASSI: I find it hard to resoond to Dr. Truzzi 's kind invitation to comment on Ray Hyman's "pathological science" since I do not share so many of his background assumptions. I am in great sympathy with his proposal to keep an open mind about the paranormal, yet find

I find it hard to resoond to Dr. Truzzi 's kind invitation to comment on Ray Hyman's "pathological science" since I do not share so many of his background assumptions. I am in great sympathy with his proposal to keep an open mind about the paranormal, yet find his effort wasted on trite examples. Bu

I am in substantial agreement with Hyman about how scientists ought to respond to the radical or unorthodox proposals and hypotheses of their colleagues. And I agree that scientists often disgrace themselves and damage their profession through the manner in which they attach apparently heretical cla

Thank you for the opportunity to comment on Professor Hyman's excellent paper, I have two comments to offer. 1. If the notion of pathologica1 science" is to be of any use it must be defined much more narrowly than 11 the science of things that aren't so," or the defense of false systems." Hyman

I suppose that the thrust of Professor Hyman's paper can be summarized thus. First, once in a while reputable scientists come up with unorthodox views that do not resist a careful rational or empirical analysis. Second, this suggests that there must be something wrong with the way we educate scienti

To accept Hyman's paper as merely a joke intended to solicit replies, is to miss the fact that it is a well-conceived caricature of uncritical academic thinking. As belied by the unscholarly dogmatism of "a e_roper diagnosis and remedy," this surely is one of those clever end-of-the-session papers d

Ray Hyman is quite right in asserting that the history of science has traditionally perpetuated the myth of the constant advance of "real" science --- and that abnormal science (if judged from our present viewpoint) has not been examined with the care that is deserves. However, this situation has be

The 11 pathologica1 science" situation is no peculiar situation, but rather a phase of a-paradigmatic science or antiparadigmatic science. The scientist or the scientific community concerned with the controversial topic does not yet have a theory, or better a research programme (Lakatos), a paradigm

The first and to my mind most fitting reply to Ray Hyman's conundrum is: who cares? If scientists cannot get on with each other, then this is their problem. There is no reason why anyone else should get into the act, or be interested in its ramifications. The reply assumes that science is an associa

The clues we need are in Hume•s Inquiry concerning Human Understanding. He begins Section X by distinguishing the merely marvellous from the authentically miraculous, notwithstanding that he can on his own principles have no means of so doing (Flew 1961). Ray Hyman by contrast starts from an imagina

Hyman 1 s call for "fair criticism" is indeed a valuable reminder that even views we find outrageous deserve a~ fair hearing. There is evidence in the history of science, moreover, that "pathological'' science had a great part to play in the development of what we today interpret as "healthy.'' Luig

I experienced a strange oscillation of sentiment, from hearty agreement to intense objection, in reading Professor Hyman's paper. I think that my reaction was a reflection of a contradiction, or at least ambivalence, internal to the paper, which I would state as follows: Professor Hyman calls for a

In his paper, Ray Hyman defends two propositions concerning anomalous observation reports in science.l The First is that "Good science requires good and effective criticism," and that therefore unusual claims should not be denied access to the scientific community simply because they are unusual. Ra

Ray Hyman offers a fresh approach to the important question: How should scientists react to an outrageous scientific claim? I agree wHh nearly everything he says, except for his most oasic, unstated premise. r think he reaches tlte r1ght answer for the wrong reason.

Ray Hyman's discussion of pathological science is a valuable contribution to what might be called the "political philosophy of science". In judging how to deal with disciplines such as astrology, parapsychology, and Velikovskian cosmology we face both methodological questions of validation of scient

OF ZETETIC SCHOLAR. FAILURES TO REPLICATE REMOTE-VIEWING USING PSYCHIC SUBJECTS* EDWARD W. KARNESJ ELLEN P. SUSMANJ PATRICIA KLUSMANJ AND LAURIE TURCOTTE

FAILURES TO REPLICATE REMOTE-VIEWING USING PSYCHIC SUBJECTS* EDWARD W. KARNESJ ELLEN P. SUSMANJ PATRICIA KLUSMANJ AND LAURIE TURCOTTE The controversy concerning the existence of psychic or paranormal human abilities has been a subject of debate for many

USING PSYCHIC SUBJECTS* EDWARD W. KARNESJ ELLEN P. SUSMANJ PATRICIA KLUSMANJ AND LAURIE TURCOTTE The controversy concerning the existence of psychic or paranormal human abilities has been a subject of debate for many years. Lately, the controversy seems to have intensified as evidenced, on the one h

EDWARD W. KARNESJ ELLEN P. SUSMANJ PATRICIA KLUSMANJ AND LAURIE TURCOTTE The controversy concerning the existence of psychic or paranormal human abilities has been a subject of debate for many years. Lately, the controversy seems to have intensified as evidenced, on the one hand, by attempts to prov

PATRICIA KLUSMANJ AND LAURIE TURCOTTE The controversy concerning the existence of psychic or paranormal human abilities has been a subject of debate for many years. Lately, the controversy seems to have intensified as evidenced, on the one hand, by attempts to provide scientific support for psychic

The controversy concerning the existence of psychic or paranormal human abilities has been a subject of debate for many years. Lately, the controversy seems to have intensified as evidenced, on the one hand, by attempts to provide scientific support for psychic abilities (e.g., Goodman, 1977; Moss,

COMMENTS BY JAMES CALKINS: I was very pleased to read the present Karnes, et. al., (1980) study of remote viewing. It has been a few years since r-involved myself with the remote viewing studies published by Puthoff and Targ first in Nature (1974) and then in the Proceedings Qi ~he IEEE (1976a). The

I was very pleased to read the present Karnes, et. al., (1980) study of remote viewing. It has been a few years since r-involved myself with the remote viewing studies published by Puthoff and Targ first in Nature (1974) and then in the Proceedings Qi ~he IEEE (1976a). The latter publication so offe

there is a psychic power operating here, there clearly should be a statistically significantly larger number of hits in this psychic clairvoyant condition than in the control condition. Now we can see if our "hit" rate is greater than the normal, background ''coincidental" rate of hits that normally

The remote perception experiments reported by Karnes, et al, seem to us well-posed and well-conducted, and their conclusion of overall insignificance seems justified for their published data. Their findings are thus comparable with numerous other negative results obtained in similar experiments else

After reading the very lucid and fair description of the experiment by Karnes, Susman, Klusman, and Turcotte, I would say that the reason they did not get positive results was that no remote viewing occurred. In my experience, remote viewing can function very strongly, but some people do not see a t

Karnes, Susman, Klusman and Turcotte must be applauded for their persistence in trying to meet Targ and Puthoof's requirements for replicating the Targ-Puthoff remote viewing effect. But since there are no lawful principles of the 11 psi process," we can predict that new ad hoc rationalizations will

This paper is remarkable indeed. The authors have managed to anticipate every probable rationalization that the parapsychologists might produce against its findings, an ability only learned from long and careful examination of the well-established procedures of the art of pseudo-science.

In a paper in this issue of ZS, Karnes, Susman, Klusman and Turcotte (1980) report an experiment in which they were unable to obtain evidence for ESP of the sort described as "remote viewing.~~ If they had obtained such positive evidence, however, their study would have had to be considered only sug

We appreciate and read with interest the six reviews of our remote viewing experiment. The reviews by James Randi, James Calkins, and David Marks and Richard Kammann were favorable as well as informative about the problems involved in conducting remote viewing experiments. We are in essential agreem

There are now literally dozens of publication dealing with claims of the paranormal, and scholars usually can not subscribe to them all. And, unfortunately, most libraries do not carry these journals. To help deal with this problem, we will--if initial interest warrents--begin publishing the

consist of a quarterly newsletter made up of xerox copies of the tables of contents of publications dealing with scientific anomalies: psi, UFOs, cryptozoology, etc. In addition, issue purchase and subscription information plus addresses will be

COMMENTS BY JAMES ALCOCK: I have had difficulty in commenting on Beloff's article (Seven evidential experiments) because of the glaring inconsistency in his closing paragraph. However, perhaps the following will be Beloff himself criticizes most of the experiments he has

I have had difficulty in commenting on Beloff's article (Seven evidential experiments) because of the glaring inconsistency in his closing paragraph. However, perhaps the following will be Beloff himself criticizes most of the experiments he has listed. Other criticisms are possible, as well. (For e

John Beloff's selection of impressive experiments seems sound to me. Since, as he says, any single experiment of any kind is obviously subject to possible doubt, I would myself be inclined to stress even more than he does, in his very compact presentation, the number and diversity of impressive expe

I have little independent information on any of the seven evidential experiments cited by John Be1off. However, from what I know of Dr. Beloff's reputation I am quite willing to accept his description of the strengths and weaknesses of these experiments. Yet even at that I find his conclusion that t

Marcello Truzzi has put me on his "pro-parapsychology" 1ist of experts so I must start with a disclaimer. As far as possible I am neither pro, nor anti, parapsychology though I must admit that what I see as a neutral stance has frequently been interpreted as a pro stance, especially by critics of th

I agree with Dr. Beloff•s statement that "In retrospect one can always think of some additional controls one could have introduced or something one could have done differently." Thus I do not share his final opinion that these seven studies (or any other seven studies) represent an overwhelming case

1. Dr. Beloff (1980) has included our experiment {Musso and Granero, 1973) in a group of seven that he considers to "represent an overwhelming case for accepting the reality of psi phenomena.'' We would like to explain that the evidence provided through the discovery in it of a very strong U-effect,

If ten psychical researchers well versed in the literature of the last hundred years were asked to name the six most convincing experiments, it is safe to say that no two of them would completely agree. John Beloff's list seems judicious (though my own selection might be somewhat different),and I sh

Dr. Beloff has done an excellent job of comprising a list of' experiments that exemplify if not constitute the best justificational" evidence for psi. If I were making up such a list myself, I do not think it would differ substantially from his. I was especially gratified to see the inclusion of the

The case for the existence of psi or for that matter any anomalous phenomenon does not rest with the results obtained from one or more experiments considered to be beyond all criticism. There could be no experiment that is infallible. Therefore, the call for a crucial experiment or the claim of proo

Evidence for psi has two features which distinguish it from conventional scientific evidence. Firstly, it is negative evidence. The parapsychologist's aim is to get a result which cannot be explained. He then argues: I cannot think of any normal explanation so this must be a psi effect. The jump fro

(Sc.hout:e.n '~ c.omme.ntb WeJLe. ne.c.ei..ve.d by ZS .tlvwugh Vn. Bel.o 66 .in time. 6oJt thM lMue. ~o Me. pubWhed heJLe.--out: on aiphabetic..ai onde.Jt. C~topheJL Sc.ott will Jte.pty to Sc.houte.n in a 6utu!te. ~~ue. o6 ZS. -- MT J 0~. John Be1off drew my attention to Christopher Scott's

0~. John Be1off drew my attention to Christopher Scott's that the results of the Heyman's experiment might be due to record1ng errors. The possibility of such errors which can take vari?us forms is well known to parapsychologists. Whether recordlng errors hav~ played a role in this experiment can be

There are definite differences of opinion among parapsychologists about what should be consider~d adequat~ eviden~e that ~e have discovered and are concerned w1th someth1ng mean1ngful, 1.e., that parapsychology has a bona fide subject matter to study. Members of one camp--let us call them the "demon

At least two of my critics (Cohen and Scott) have rebuked me for claiming that my seven experiments together 11 represent an overwhelming case for accepting the reality of psi.'' Perhaps I was being needlessly provocative at that poin~ but I did advisedly add the qualifying clause: 11 it is my perso

STATISTICAL PROBLEMS IN PSI RESEARCH' : The "Rejoinder" to me which Persi Oiaconis has published in the previous issue of this journal is insufficient both in what it does say and in what it does not. It fails to address or even acknowledge many of the specific and correct criticisms I made of his S

The "Rejoinder" to me which Persi Oiaconis has published in the previous issue of this journal is insufficient both in what it does say and in what it does not. It fails to address or even acknowledge many of the specific and correct criticisms I made of his Science article; and what it does say con

ON 'STATISTICAL PROBLEMS IN PSI RESEARCH": I would like to correct some points made by Persi Diaconis in his rejoinder to Edward Kelly in the last issue of ZS. First, Dr. Diaconis states that "Not long ago, Goldman, Stein, and Weiner showed that Tart had been using a faulty random

I would like to correct some points made by Persi Diaconis in his rejoinder to Edward Kelly in the last issue of ZS. First, Dr. Diaconis states that "Not long ago, Goldman, Stein, and Weiner showed that Tart had been using a faulty random number generator in a feedback experiment. Feedback introduce

RESPONSE TO KELLY: Boy, some people really get angry when you criticize their research. Despite Kelly•s anger, we are actually making progress. On feedback experiments: I admit that card guessing experiments with deliberately given feedback are a small part of the reported ESP literature. Kelly admi

Boy, some people really get angry when you criticize their research. Despite Kelly•s anger, we are actually making progress. On feedback experiments: I admit that card guessing experiments with deliberately given feedback are a small part of the reported ESP literature. Kelly admits that experienced

On random numbers: Assessing the impact of Tart•s faulty random number generator leads rapidly to a fundamental issue in assessing the evidence for any debatable phenomena; how much does a fly in the ointment count? For me, this varies with the circumstances. The same problem, a slightly faulty rand

Robin Ridinqton is a poet. He is a lyric anthropologist. He is a troubled man. He has good reason to be, for he is suffering from an advanced case of what I call "Napier's ~ngst. He is in good company, for other scientists, such as biomechanical analyst Dr. D. W. Grieve,

Jon Beckjord is not a poet. He is an imaginative, energetic and creatively intelligent zealot. In addition to an uncanny ability to photograph sasquatch families that he was unable to see at the time his photographs were taken, Beckjord apparently has the ability to savour angst in an anthropologist

MAY'S "THE HERESY OF A NEW SYNTHESIS" (ZS #3/4): Since Morrison's article in Scientists Confront Velikovsky was the only one that appeared to have been written with an attempt at ethical scientific investigation, it was surprising to see the type of comments he made in Zetetic Scholar. His first

Since Morrison's article in Scientists Confront Velikovsky was the only one that appeared to have been written with an attempt at ethical scientific investigation, it was surprising to see the type of comments he made in Zetetic Scholar. His first and last paragraphs were amazing from the standpoint

TOWARDS A RATIONAL THEORY OF SUPERSTITION' tZS #3/4): In five sections crammed with allusions Agassi has presented thoughts and comments purported to be basic in work "Toward a Rational Theory of Superstition": 1. The Current Theory of Superstition, 2. Impressions about the Volume at Hand, 3. The Th

In five sections crammed with allusions Agassi has presented thoughts and comments purported to be basic in work "Toward a Rational Theory of Superstition": 1. The Current Theory of Superstition, 2. Impressions about the Volume at Hand, 3. The Theory of Theory-Assesment, 4. Irrationalism, and 5. Sup

Anderson, Alan, and Raymond Gordon, "The Uniqueness of Enqlish Witchcraft: A Matter of Numbers?" British Sociological Review. 30, #3 (1979), 359-361. Ander-son, Ouncan M., "The #1 Skepti c and His Debunking Brigade," Science Dig~Et (Special Edition), Spring 1980, pp. 80-83 &118.

TO PAST ZETETIC SCHOLAR BIBLIOGRAPHIES BIBLIOGRAPHY ON LYCANTHROPY (ZSJ#3/4 AND 5 SUPPLEMENT): Frost, Brian J., ed., Book of the Werewolf. London: Sphere Books. Furst, George, 11 The Olmec Were-Jaguar Motif in the Light of Ethnographic Reality, 11 Dumbarton-Oaks Conference on the Olmec. Washington,

BIBLIOGRAPHY ON LYCANTHROPY (ZSJ#3/4 AND 5 SUPPLEMENT): Frost, Brian J., ed., Book of the Werewolf. London: Sphere Books. Furst, George, 11 The Olmec Were-Jaguar Motif in the Light of Ethnographic Reality, 11 Dumbarton-Oaks Conference on the Olmec. Washington, D.C.: Trustees of Harvard University, 1

Frost, Brian J., ed., Book of the Werewolf. London: Sphere Books. Furst, George, 11 The Olmec Were-Jaguar Motif in the Light of Ethnographic Reality, 11 Dumbarton-Oaks Conference on the Olmec. Washington, D.C.: Trustees of Harvard University, 1968. Mills, C.P., 11 The Were-Tigers of the Assam Hills,

(ZSJ #2 &3/4 SUPPLEMENT): * = ~~~t~~al ~tud~e~ * Culver, R.B., Sun Sign Suset. Tucson, Ariz.: Pachart Publishing House, 1980. * Culver, R.B. & P.A. Tanna, The Gemini Syndrome. Tucson,

* = ~~~t~~al ~tud~e~ * Culver, R.B., Sun Sign Suset. Tucson, Ariz.: Pachart Publishing House, 1980. * Culver, R.B. & P.A. Tanna, The Gemini Syndrome. Tucson, Ariz.: Pachart Publishing House, 1980.

Were it not for Jonestown one would have said that popular interest in the new religions had passed its peak a s the movements themselves for the most part went into decline. The Guyana events however, must inevitably sharpen the attention directed towards the latest dozen or so serious studies of o

Atkins, Susan (with Bob Slosser) Child of Satan, Child of God, Stoughton, London.

PHILIP H. ABELSON is the Editor of Science, published by the American Association for the Avancement of Science. JOSEPH AGASSI is Professor of Philosophy at Boston University and the author Science in Flux. JAMES ALCOCK is an Assoc1ate Professor of Psychology at Glendon College

EVERYTHING IS GOING UP ... Because ~f general rising production costs, as of October 1, 1980, the subscription rate for ZETETIC SCHOLAR

Because ~f general rising production costs, as of October 1, 1980, the subscription rate for ZETETIC SCHOLAR for individual domestic subscriptions will increase from $10 to $12 per year (two numbers). Foreign and institution- al rate is unchanged at $15. Subscriptions and renewals

Because back issues are becoming scarce and some people have asked about the availability of our specialized bibliographies, we will begin to make available reduced-xerox copies of bibliographies in past issues. These will simply be xeroxed-to-order for those interested and will include whatever sup

WI LLI AM NAGLER JOHN PALMER WILLIAM T, POWERS DECEMBER 1980 CHARLES T, TART

HENRY H. BAUER The loch Ness Monster: A Guide to the literature ............... 30 GEORGE P. HANSEN Bibliography of Bibliographies on Dowsing ..................... 101 NEW ZS VIALOGUE

Bibliography of Bibliographies on Dowsing ..................... 101 NEW ZS VIALOGUE J. RICHARD GREENWELL Theories, Hypotheses, and Speculation on the Origins of UFOs . . . 52 Critical Comments BY:

J. RICHARD GREENWELL Theories, Hypotheses, and Speculation on the Origins of UFOs . . . 52 Critical Comments BY: GEORGE 0. AB ELL ............ 60 J. ALLEN HYNEK ........... 84

WILLIAM R. CORLISS ..... ; ... 71 AIMt MICHEL .............. 88 JOHN S. DERR ............. .. 72 JAMES W. MOSLEY .......... 89 CHARLES FAIR ............. .. 73

AIMt MICHEL .............. 88 JOHN S. DERR ............. .. 72 JAMES W. MOSLEY .......... 89 CHARLES FAIR ............. .. 73 JAMES E. OBERG ........... 89

CHARLES FAIR ............. .. 73 JAMES E. OBERG ........... 89 ROBERTO FARABONE ........... 75 JOHN RIMMER .............. 90 LUCIUS FARISH ......... ... .. 76

JOHN RIMMER .............. 90 LUCIUS FARISH ......... ... .. 76 MICHAEL K. SCHUTZ .. . ..... 92 STANTON T. FRIEDMAN ........ 77 ROBERT SHEAFFER .......... 94

STANTON T. FRIEDMAN ........ 77 ROBERT SHEAFFER .......... 94 ALLAN HENDRY ............... 79 P.A. STURROCK ............ 96 ELAINE HENDRY .............. 80

ROBERT SHEAFFER .......... 94 ALLAN HENDRY ............... 79 P.A. STURROCK ............ 96 ELAINE HENDRY .............. 80 DAVID W. SWIFT ........... 99

ALLAN HENDRY ............... 79 P.A. STURROCK ............ 96 ELAINE HENDRY .............. 80 DAVID W. SWIFT ........... 99 RICHARD C. HENRY ........... 83

CONTINUING ZS VIALOGUES Reply to the Commentator.s on "Pathological · Science" .........•.. 113 JOSEPH MAY replies to Geoffrey Dean re Velikovsky ................. 121 LAURENT BEAUREGARD corrments on Ray Hyman's "Pathological Science".l22 RAY HYMAN replies to Laurent Beauregard .....................

Reply to the Commentator.s on "Pathological · Science" .........•.. 113 JOSEPH MAY replies to Geoffrey Dean re Velikovsky ................. 121 LAURENT BEAUREGARD corrments on Ray Hyman's "Pathological Science".l22 RAY HYMAN replies to Laurent Beauregard ........................... 123 BRADLEY DOWDE

Reply to the Commentator.s on "Pathological · Science" .........•.. 113 JOSEPH MAY replies to Geoffrey Dean re Velikovsky ................. 121 LAURENT BEAUREGARD corrments on Ray Hyman's "Pathological Science".l22 RAY HYMAN replies to Laurent Beauregard ........................... 123 BRADLEY DOWDE

EDITORIAL .............................................................. 3 LETTERS: SHERMAN STEIN &HOWARD WEINER - C.E. HANSEL - RICHARD DE MI LLE - PETER ROGERSON - I. J. GOOD .. .';' ....................... 4 RANDOM BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE OCCULT AND THE PARANORMAL ................. 106 SUPPLEMENTS TO

MI LLE - PETER ROGERSON - I. J. GOOD .. .';' ....................... 4 RANDOM BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE OCCULT AND THE PARANORMAL ................. 106 SUPPLEMENTS TO PAST ZS BIBLIOGRAPHIES ................................ 112 BOOK REVIEWS Lutz Mllller' s Pa.Jta P~.>-i. und Pu.udo: Pa.Jtap.oyc.ho.tog-i.e

SUPPLEMENTS TO PAST ZS BIBLIOGRAPHIES ................................ 112 BOOK REVIEWS Lutz Mllller' s Pa.Jta P~.>-i. und Pu.udo: Pa.Jtap.oyc.ho.tog-i.e und dJ..e W~'->eMc.haM van deJt Tl:lU6c.hwtg [PIET HEIN HOEBENS) ........... 150 Jacques Vallee's Me~.>~.>enge~~ on Veeep~on: UFO ConZacto and

BOOK REVIEWS Lutz Mllller' s Pa.Jta P~.>-i. und Pu.udo: Pa.Jtap.oyc.ho.tog-i.e und dJ..e W~'->eMc.haM van deJt Tl:lU6c.hwtg [PIET HEIN HOEBENS) ........... 150 Jacques Vallee's Me~.>~.>enge~~ on Veeep~on: UFO ConZacto and CuLt~ (J. RICHARD GREENWELL) .. . ...... . .....

Jacques Vallee's Me~.>~.>enge~~ on Veeep~on: UFO ConZacto and CuLt~ (J. RICHARD GREENWELL) .. . ...... . ..... Ronald Story's Guandiano ofl ~he Un-i.ven~.>e? (MORRIS GORAN) .......... l57 BOOKS BRIEFLY NOTEno ................... ERRATA ................................................................

Ronald Story's Guandiano ofl ~he Un-i.ven~.>e? (MORRIS GORAN) .......... l57 BOOKS BRIEFLY NOTEno ................... ERRATA ................................................................. 4 ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE ......... o •o••·· ••••••••••••••••• 164

ERRATA ................................................................. 4 ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE ......... o •o••·· ••••••••••••••••• 164 ............

stu~y of' Gurr!jieff and 8uspensky) establ is heel him as a leading expert on the occult . , magic, mysticism and general history. All of us interested in these areas remain in his debt. We all extend our sympathy to his widow, ~1ary . Though publication has been slightly delayed. this issue of ZETE

********************* In the Zetet ic Scholar No . 6, 1980 , under "Books Briefly Noted, the note on my book "ESP and Pa ra psychology: a crit ical reevaluation u contains the statement "Unfortunately, the new edition suffer s from ' the same problems as the old one wi th Hansel taking little note o

The "Book,!l Bll..iefl..y Noted" .t:.ection -L6 a1£ w!r.itien by the Edil.oJt and my .i~ a.ppeM at the end o6 the .t:.ection, .t:.o the Jtev.ieweJt -L6 not anonymou.t:.; but .t:.ta!tting wah tw .i.t:.J.Jue my au.tho!t.6h.ip will be incUcated moJte p!tominently to avoid 6utuJte con6u..t:.ion. ThetJe

I have two comments concerning the article by Greenwell and King (Zetetic Scholar, No. 6, 1980) on Bigfoot and Nessie: (i) Withou~opy o~their questionnaires the reader cannot judge whether some of the respondents were justified in being somewhat critical of it. (ii) On page 29, in their summary

The future of ZETETIC SCHOLAR remains problematic. Thus far, ZS has not increased its c1rculation to the point that it can cover its costs. ZS will continue publication, but it seems unlikely that future issues can remain as large as they have been. Reduction in print size may be a partial solution.

THE PARANORMAL AND THE PARASCI ENCES If ESP ·is possible it might manifest itself either spontaneously or non-spontaneously. The non-spontaneous kind can be tested experimentally. Some of the most

AND THE PARASCI ENCES If ESP ·is possible it might manifest itself either spontaneously or non-spontaneously. The non-spontaneous kind can be tested experimentally. Some of the most notorious experiments were performed by S.G. Soal in

If ESP ·is possible it might manifest itself either spontaneously or non-spontaneously. The non-spontaneous kind can be tested experimentally. Some of the most notorious experiments were performed by S.G. Soal in EnQland in the 1930's and 1940's. I call them notorious

.;:!~ I ' ' A major research study is being undertaken/'~· )€ :, into the use of "psychics" in criminal and r; ~ ·~ ·~ general police investigations. Infonnation ·~ "\ • and research assistance would be welcomed. •

EVIDENCE (chronological) Here are listed the photographs most commonly found in the literature, with references to the books in which they are published.

Frank Searle, Nessie, Coronet, 1976. To be treated as a curiosity only; by a man who has camped at Loch Ness since 1969, has had many photographs published in newspapers, proclaims himself the only dedicated searcher, but is now

Dennis Meredith, The Search at Loch Ness, Quadrangle, 1977. Well written account of the controversy and confusion over Rines' 1975 photographs, and of the 1976 expedition; enjoyable reading, and also

There are a few shorter works, and books dealing with related creatures, that deserve mention here: they are unusually significant, or because they are not readily available {so an outline would presumably be welcomed by those who cannot obtain them).

A National Mystery RICHARD H. HALL A rancher finds his prize cow dead, its sexual organs neatly excised, along with its tongue, or an eye, or an ear. They appear to have been cut with a sharp instrument. There are no tracks or signs

17. 2/27/75(•) Hsrrl~ Co. •

29. 10/12/77 PI'Jculhr,MO 4?. 11/11/78 [$P!tno1a, Nil'

1. Omaha World-Herald~ Nebr., April 9, 1974. 2. Ibid., August 14, 1974. 3. ITneoln Star, Nebr., August 20, 1974. 4. Ibid., August 22, 1974. 5. Ibid., August 29, 1974.

ON THE ORIGINS OF UFos· • J, RICHARD GREENWELL Numerous hypotheses have been advanced to explain UFO reports.

J, RICHARD GREENWELL Numerous hypotheses have been advanced to explain UFO reports. They can be divided into two major categories, the first advocating

objects entering or leaving large bodies of water (or proceeding through them) have been made from time to time, and have been labelled unidentified submarine objects {USOs). Numerous theorists have consequently speculated that secret UFO bases might be located on the ocean beds, far from man's acti

conventional~~ Trevor James Constable (writing under the pen name of Trevor James) advocated a space animal explanation for UFOs in the late 1950s (James, 1958), and no other than Kenneth Arnold, the man whose sighting opened the UFO era (and who was responsible for coining the label flying

over the years, has aroused the most emotion and controversy. It is based on the assumption that one or more civilizations from outer space, far in advance of our own, have mastered interstellar spaceflight and have had the human race under systematic observation since at least 1947. Some see a long

authorities became disenchanted with the extraterrestrial hypothesis, which they now consider antiquated. Impatient with the lack of "contact" over the years, these individuals have moved on to accept a more esoteric concept, that involving "ultraterrestrials" in a "parallel universe ... These inter

represents a modern school of thought in UFO circles which, like the Ultraterrestrial Theory, developed as a reaction to the extraterrestrial hypothesis. The theory was first outlined by Jerome Clark and Loren Coleman in the mid-1970s, based on Carl Jung's concept of the collective unconscious (Clar

COMMENTS BY GEORGE 0, ABELL: I found J. Richard Greenwell 's list of hypotheses on UFOs fun to read but incomplete. Let me offer some additional ideas: THE GAEA THEORY: The Earth (Gaea) is actually a living creature, but is concerned about her future because of increasing

I found J. Richard Greenwell 's list of hypotheses on UFOs fun to read but incomplete. Let me offer some additional ideas: THE GAEA THEORY: The Earth (Gaea) is actually a living creature, but is concerned about her future because of increasing pollution from nuclear waste, from gases and particles i

is an innate uncertainty, 6p, in the momentum, and an innate uncertainty, 6x, in the position of an object, related by 6p 6x = h/2TI, where h is Planck's constant. Thus, UFOs could actually be miniquasars the most likely locations of which are billions of light years off in space, but which, due to

images of remote objects (mostly quasars and pulsars) produced by the bending and focussing of light by tiny black holes in orbit in the solar system, acting as gravitational lenses. KIRLIAN AURA THEORY: This theory proposes that UFOs are really Kirlian auras about small insects, pieces of broken tw

The major problem with UFO theories, speculations, hypotheses or whatever it is one wants to call them is that ufology has yet to produce one that is even interesting. Most UFO theories are just plain dumb; those few that aren•t are nonetheless pedestrian, so much so that their effect is to triviali

The solicitation of comments on the Greenwell manuscript provides the opportunity to make two rarely expressed points about UFO data and theories. The first is that UFO theorists, including Greenwell, and UFO data accumulators treat UFOs as a well-isolated phenomenon. Some admit to a psychic tinge i

I think Greenwell has done a fine job summanz1ng the "theories, hypotheses, and speculations" from my point of view as a physical scientist. The article's purpose is to be a short summary, and I think this goal is well met. Those with vested interests in the other theories may have some criticisrns,

Among the eight theories of UF0 S concisely reviewed and evaluated by Greenwell, there is not a one that he or I or anyone even moderately acquainted with the facts and methods of science could be expected to take seriously. Some - such as the Hollow Earth Theory - are simply updatings of much older

I carefully read J. Richard Greenwell's paper and found it quite interesting. This paper considers the most important known theories which pretend to qive an explanation for UFO phenomena, describing them briefly anclclearlywith some short comments; the article essentially gives accurately what a lo

I would begin by saying that I feel Richard Greenwell has done a good job of summarizing the leading UFO theories. I find myself in general agreement with him in virtually all respects. The Hollow Earth Theory does seem to have numerous holes in it (pun intended!). While I find it difficult to credi

Greenwe11•s otherwise excellent article is flawed by it's inadequate treatment of the ETH. The ET origin of SOME UFOs is deducible from the data not an assumption. Some few reports, landings, radar-Visual sightings, abductions, etc., are of objects of definite size, shape, surface texture, etc. The

There is a field of study that concerns itself with the collection of anecdotal accounts of unusual, glowing aerial objects. The descriptions encompass a broad range of shapes cigars, spheres, rods, discs - and motions ranging from hovering near the ground to rapid departure to sudden disappearance.

It has always seemed to this respondent that one of the single most important items which has stood in the way of progress in the struggling field of UFOlogy is the UFOlogists' obsession with UFO theories. Greenwell has done a commendable job of summarizing the precepts of the various camps, but I q

Greenwell summarizes those theories of UFO sightings that involve "purposeful intelligence": intelligence less than our own intelligence ("space animals"); intelligence equal to our own ("secret weapon" and "psychic projection"}; and intelligence perhaps much qreater than our own (all of the rest).

~1any years ago the Princeton astronomer Henry Norri.s Russell published a small, well-written book, On the Origin of the Solar In it he first set down, meticulously and in true schola.rly manner, all the well established, observed and rigorously derived facts about the solar system--its properties-

This is the kind of article that was so popular in the fanzines in the 1950's and early 1960's, but is now totally obsolete both in concept and content. It continue~ to amaze.me that mo~t of the American hardcore UFOlooists rema1n locked 1n the fool1shness of the past, completely unaware of the enor

After reviewing Greenwell's article and spending some time trying to decide what to say about it, I have concluded that basically the article is quite good, as far as reciting "theories" or "speculations" about the nature of the phenomenon (phenomena?) that give rise to UFO reports. (Here UFO is use

This is a fine paper. Greenwell does an excellent job of presenting the eight unconventional hypotheses which purport to explain UFO sightings. His knowledge of the literature is impressiv~ and his concern for the historical aspects of each speculation is commendable. There are very few individuals

In the Popperian sense, 1 theories and hypotheses are structures that (a) explain all that we know about something, and (b) predict things we do not know yet, in such a way that, if the prediction is wrong, it can be falsified. It is obvious here that (a) we do not know exactly what we have

There is no way that I can use up my allotted 600 words in discussing Mr. Greenwell's article. I think that he has done an excellent job of presenting the various UFO theories objectively, concisely, and fairly. He has obviously had to do a good deal of painstaking research to write this short artic

To quibble over classifications, I must suggest that 'hollow earth' and 'underwater' are merely locales for basing, not any classification of nature/purpose of UFOs -- no different from tales of Mt. Shasta, Tibet, Antarctica, or similar remote (and uncheckable) regions. Such 'theories' belong under

J. Richard Greenwell's summary of several of the theories of UFO origins contains much :hat is of value. In particular no fufther comment is required on his arguments for dismissing the Secret Weapon, Hollow Earth, Underwater Civilization, and Space Animal speculations. However, these beliefs are he

.In his paper, Greenwell has mentioned just about all the possible explanations for UFO sightings. Accordingly, somewhere among his nine hypotheses (counting "conventional phenomena 11 as one), there must lie the truth. So, we have a multiple-choice test, then. Well, is it A? B?

Mr. Greenwell has done a creditable job of summarizing the principal "unconventional" hypotheses about UFOs, and his li.st is reasonable comprehensive. I do not see reference to some of Vallee's more recent speculations, the 11 contro1 system" hypothesis (in The Invisible College), or the "deliverat

The question I am going to address is: 'From the Scientific point of view, does it make sense to formulate hypotheses concernuros?u There are, I suspect, many scientists who would answer this question with a resounding f'No,fl claiming that there is no point in rnrmulotinq hypotheses until a solid d

Richard Greenwell describes and evaluates eight theori.es about UFOs. His well-written article is a helpful introduction for newcomers to this complex subject, and people already familiar with the field may find it a stimulating review. It led me to step back from close involvement with specific det

ON DOWSING* GEORGE P. HANSEN Barnothy, M.F. (Ed.). Biological Effects of Magnetic Fields. New York: Plenum Press, 1964. 15 page bibliography on biological effects of

GEORGE P. HANSEN Barnothy, M.F. (Ed.). Biological Effects of Magnetic Fields. New York: Plenum Press, 1964. 15 page bibliography on biological effects of static magnetic fields, and the articles in this

25 items of apparently scientific nature and 27 items of a popular nature on dowsing in Russian, 26 items, non-Russian (most in English) Nielsen, G., & Polansky, J. Pendulum Power. New York: Warner, 1977. 74 i terns covering a broad range of popular and "how-ton literature, a small number of scienti

AND THE PARANORMAL Agassi, Joseph, "Between Science and Technoloqy," Philosophy of Scierce, 47 (1980}, 82-99. Agassi, Joseph-,and I.C. Jarvie, "The Rationality of Irrationalism," Metaphiloso~hy, Jl, #2 (1980), 127-133.

Agassi, Joseph, "Between Science and Technoloqy," Philosophy of Scierce, 47 (1980}, 82-99. Agassi, Joseph-,and I.C. Jarvie, "The Rationality of Irrationalism," Metaphiloso~hy, Jl, #2 (1980), 127-133. Alcock, J.E., an L.P. Otis, "Critical Thinking and Belief in the

~~ BIBLIOGRAPHIES BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE "LUNAR EFFECT" (ZS, #5 & SUPPLENENT IN #6): Fitzhugh, L., Mulvaney, D. , and Hughes, L., "Phases of the Moon and Seizure Activity," Psychological Reports, 46 (1980), 1261-1262. Koenig, D., et al., "Lunar Phase and Electora l Behavior," Sociological

Fitzhugh, L., Mulvaney, D. , and Hughes, L., "Phases of the Moon and Seizure Activity," Psychological Reports, 46 (1980), 1261-1262. Koenig, D., et al., "Lunar Phase and Electora l Behavior," Sociological Symposium, #28, Fall 1979, 62-70. Lynch, R., "Corrrnents on 'Homicides and the Lunar Cycle,'" A

When I first read the conrnents on 11\Y paper, 11 Pathological Science, 11 I was both puzzled and astonished. The various comnentators seemed to be reacting to propositions and arguments that I had not made. I even considered the possibility that Marcello Truzzi had mistakenly sent them someone else

I thank Geoffrey Dean for calling my attention to J.E. Wood's Sun Moon and Standing Stones, whi ch , while written from a uniformitarlan perspective as is most astronomical literature, st ill furnishes a useful compendium on the subject of the megalithic standing stones. Because of my busy sc hedul

SCIENCE" (ZS #6): Hyman's thesis is that the scientific community should not react pathologically (irrationally) to a piece of 11 pathological science." Samples of pathological science are Wallace's and Crookes' experiments with, and theories about, 11 psychic force. 11

Hyman's thesis is that the scientific community should not react pathologically (irrationally) to a piece of 11 pathological science." Samples of pathological science are Wallace's and Crookes' experiments with, and theories about, 11 psychic force. 11 Examples of pathological reactions to such expe

Some of the other commentators raise the same questions that Beauregard asks. "How can anyone know that discredited paranormal hypotheses have deserved their fate if the scientific community has never been rational enough to deal with (them) in a truly scientific manner?" I find this a difficult que

RESEARCH: NEW DIMENSION OR OLD DELUSIONS?" (ZS #b) I'm uncomfortable with the advice Robert Jahn offered to researchers in parapsychology in the last issue of ZS. Jahn does recognize the case has not been made that there areiany psychic phenomena which could not be explained in terms of known scienc

I'm uncomfortable with the advice Robert Jahn offered to researchers in parapsychology in the last issue of ZS. Jahn does recognize the case has not been made that there areiany psychic phenomena which could not be explained in terms of known science. However, in his paper he underestimates the impo

I appreciate the opportunity to respond to Mr. Dowden's comments, but since he seems largely to be contending with himself, or at least with his own inaccurate presumptions of my opinions on various aspects he raises, I am somewhat loath to intervene in his On one point, however, we may have a legit

The Velikovsky debate generates a large measure of passion and an accompanying dose of personal abuse. Having been worked over in issues 5 and 6, I feel a response is required to clarify some of the fundamental problems of the pro-Velikovsky apologists. In issue #5, Joseph ~,1ay cl asses me among th

HELP ZETETIC SCHOLAR GET NEW SUBSCRIBERS. WE RE OUT LOOKING FOR SERIOUS STUDENTS OF THE PARANORMAL ...

GET NEW SUBSCRIBERS. WE RE OUT LOOKING FOR SERIOUS STUDENTS OF THE PARANORMAL ...

WE RE OUT LOOKING FOR SERIOUS STUDENTS OF THE PARANORMAL ...

FOR SERIOUS STUDENTS OF THE PARANORMAL ...

OF THE PARANORMAL ...

SOLOMON E, FELDMAN ~QM~E~TS ON EDWARD W. KARNESJ ET AL,J RE REMOTE VIEWING (LS #b):

REMOTE VIEWING (LS #b): Although I am very much on the skeptic side of the beliefdisbelief continuum, it seems that Karnes, et al., missed Tart's point in his critique of their experimental investigation of the "Targ-Putoff effect." While the outcome certainly puts another nail into remote viewing's

Although I am very much on the skeptic side of the beliefdisbelief continuum, it seems that Karnes, et al., missed Tart's point in his critique of their experimental investigation of the "Targ-Putoff effect." While the outcome certainly puts another nail into remote viewing's credibility, the study

REMOTE VIEWING (LS #6): In Zetetic Scholar Number 61 Karnes, Susman, Klusman and Turcotte report a failed attempt to replicate Targ and Puthoff's controversial remote viewing experiments. I would hardly have been surprised if they had been successful as their reported procedure seems to leave a loop

In Zetetic Scholar Number 61 Karnes, Susman, Klusman and Turcotte report a failed attempt to replicate Targ and Puthoff's controversial remote viewing experiments. I would hardly have been surprised if they had been successful as their reported procedure seems to leave a loophole that could be used

REMOTE VIEWING (LS "b): I have just read Karnes et al.'s (1980) "Failure to Replicate Remote-Viewing Using Psychic Subjects" with considerable interest. I was struck by the large number of departures from acceptable experimental design as would be adequate to establish relevance

HOEBENSJ AND EVAN HARRIS WALKER: Feldman's and Hoebens' comments relate to the point raised by Tart (1980) concerning the possibility of inadvertent or advertent experimenter cueing. We acknowledge that had positive results been obtained, those results would not have provided definitive support for

Feldman's and Hoebens' comments relate to the point raised by Tart (1980) concerning the possibility of inadvertent or advertent experimenter cueing. We acknowledge that had positive results been obtained, those results would not have provided definitive support for a remote viewing hypothesis. The

In my contribution to this controversy (Scott, 1980), I argued that the evidence for psi is essentially historical, being based on experiments that are unrepeatable, and that in these circumstances the weight of the evidence rests heavily on the experimental report. I pointed out that reports may be

AND SYBO SCBOUTEN: For some reason, my friend,ChristopherScott, seems determined to pick a quarrel with me where none exists. We are in agreement, surely, that (a) given the low level of repeatability in parapsychology everything has to depend on the reliability of the reports in question and (b) si

For some reason, my friend,ChristopherScott, seems determined to pick a quarrel with me where none exists. We are in agreement, surely, that (a) given the low level of repeatability in parapsychology everything has to depend on the reliability of the reports in question and (b) since no report can b

"SUPERSTITION" {ZS #6 AND 3/4): There is a sociological and a,1thropological tradition which takes alien beliefs--especially but not only arJng preliterates--seriously, and for various reasons and in various ways. One way is to relate su·p~rstition to some sort of primitive sociology, e.g., the tail

There is a sociological and a,1thropological tradition which takes alien beliefs--especially but not only arJng preliterates--seriously, and for various reasons and in various ways. One way is to relate su·p~rstition to some sort of primitive sociology, e.g., the tailoring of witch doctoring to soci

It is a pity that Van Blaaderen's analysis of astrology in the context of superstition has obscured two important points, namely the distinction between popular and serious astrology, and astrology as a possible paranormal phenomenon. These points have wide implications which are seldom recognized a

PHOTOS <ZS #6): In response to Ridgington's ~eply to my comments in ZS #6, I must admit that it is unfair to expect him to agree with my evidence if he has not seen it. The basis for his objections to my para-physical theories regarding the existence of sasquatches is that he doesn't believe that I

In response to Ridgington's ~eply to my comments in ZS #6, I must admit that it is unfair to expect him to agree with my evidence if he has not seen it. The basis for his objections to my para-physical theories regarding the existence of sasquatches is that he doesn't believe that I and others have

ARELL is. a Professor as Astronomy at the University of California at Los Angeles. JOSEPH AGASSI is a Professor of Philosophy at Boston University. HENRY H. BAUER is a chemist and the Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

C.E.M. HANSEL is the Head of the Department of Psychology at the University of Wales and a leading critic of parapsychology. GEORGE P. HANSEN is an engineer with special interests in parapsychology and ALLAN HENDRV is the chief investigator for the Center for UFO Studies and

Department of Sociology Eastern Michigan University Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197 USA

SEYMOUR MAUSKOPF ANOMALIES RESEARCH ( CSAR) EDWARD J, MOODY ROBERT L, MORRIS WI LLI AM NAGLER

EDWARD J, MOODY ROBERT L, MORRIS WI LLI AM NAGLER ISSUE NUMBER 8 JOHN PALMER

JOHN PALMER WILLIAM F. POWERS CHARLES T. TART ROY WALL! S Copy r i g h t @ 19 81 by Marc e 1 1o Tr uz z i .

Copy r i g h t @ 19 81 by Marc e 1 1o Tr uz z i . ZETETIC SCHOLAR is published by Marcello Truzzi and is an independent journal of opinion. All correspondence, including manuscripts, letters, books for review, and subscription and editorial inquiries should be addressed to: The Editor, ZETETIC SCHOL

Announcing the Center for Scientific Anomalies Research (CSAR) ..•... 8 Rt.po!Lt& fiMm Th1o . CSAR f>JtO j icto : PIET HEIN HOEBENS The Mystery Men From Holland, 1: Peter Hurkos• Dutch Cases ...... 11 RON WESTRUM

The Mystery Men From Holland, 1: Peter Hurkos• Dutch Cases ...... 11 RON WESTRUM UFO Sightings Among Engineers and Scientists •.•...•...........•. 18 ROBfRT K.G. TH1PLE On the Sirius Mystery: An Open Letter to Carl Sagan .....•....... 29

On the Sirius Mystery: An Open Letter to Carl Sagan .....•....... 29 Psychic Surgery: Hoax or Hope?, . •.•.•........................... 37 MARVIN GARDENS (CHARLES HONORTON) The Case of Psi less Marner ..•.••..•.••.•............•........... 34 S~EC1AL ZS BIBLIOGRAPHIC FEATURE

The Case of Psi less Marner ..•.••..•.••.•............•........... 34 S~EC1AL ZS BIBLIOGRAPHIC FEATURE JEROME CLARK ( Intr.oduction by M. TRUZZI) Bibliography of Skeptical and Debunking Articles in Fate Magazine, 1975-Sept. 1981 ..............

JEROME CLARK ( Intr.oduction by M. TRUZZI) Bibliography of Skeptical and Debunking Articles in Fate Magazine, 1975-Sept. 1981 .............. NEW ZS V1ALOGUES JEFFREY MISHLOVE

Bibliography of Skeptical and Debunking Articles in Fate Magazine, 1975-Sept. 1981 .............. NEW ZS V1ALOGUES JEFFREY MISHLOVE The Sch is m Within Parapsychology • . • . • • • . • . • . • . • • •.. • . • . • • • . . • • • . 78

JEFFREY MISHLOVE The Sch is m Within Parapsychology • . • . • • • . • . • . • . • • •.. • . • . • • • . . • • • . 78 Critical Commentaries BY: JOHN PALMER ............ 96 JOHN BELOFF .....

The Sch is m Within Parapsychology • . • . • • • . • . • . • . • • •.. • . • . • • • . . • • • . 78 Critical Commentaries BY: JOHN PALMER ............ 96 JOHN BELOFF ..... D. SCOTT ROGO .•.

RICHARD KAMMANN,,,,,,,, 86 STANLE¥ KRIPPNER ••..

STANLE¥ KRIPPNER ••..

STANLE¥ KRIPPNER ••..

JOSEPH K. LONG . •.•.•.•• 92 MICHAEL WINKELMAN ...... 103 ANDREW NEHER ........... 94

ANDREW NEHER ........... 94 J EFFREY MISHLOVE: Scientific Logic, Rationality, and Subjectivity in Parapsychology: Responses to Comments on My Article .•.••. o .........

J EFFREY MISHLOVE: Scientific Logic, Rationality, and Subjectivity in Parapsychology: Responses to Comments on My Article .•.••. o .........

On Conducting a Zeteti c Di a1ague .•.....•.•.•...•.•...•.•........ 118 Reply by M. TRUZZ I •....... •••••••••••••• •••• •••••••••••••••••••

•••••••••••••• •••• ••••••••••••••••••• Contenth continued.

BOOK REVIEWS Randi ' s FUm-F.e.a.m: The. TJtuth about Urtic.oltn6, P~p~ychology and Oth~ V~~on6 (MILBOURNE CHRISTOPHER) ••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••.•••••••.••.•• 131 Malcolm Dean's The. Ah~logy Game. (DON H. SAKLOFSK£) •• •••.•••.••• 133

******************************************************************************************** tit~ ERRATA 3->1 The following corrections should be made re I.J. Good's "Scientific Speculations on the Paranonnal and the Parasciences " in ZS #7: Page 11, line 9: F~r 0.00000000000000000, correct to p.000

The following corrections should be made re I.J. Good's "Scientific Speculations on the Paranonnal and the Parasciences " in ZS #7: Page 11, line 9: F~r 0.00000000000000000, correct to p.000000000000000001. Page 24, line 18 up: For f(x 0 ,xt, ), correct to f (x ,y (y ,xt, )). ***************

Morris Goran's review of Ronald Story's Guardians of the Universe? (ZS#7) makes painfully clear why ufologists have long despaired of any constructive dialogue with hard-core debunkers. Trying to explain how a disbeliever in ancient astronauts like Story can take UFOs seriously, Goran asserts that u

.:.1J~JJJjJ_:.1lJE:iJ

.:.1J~JJJjJ_:.1lJE:iJ I am pleased to announce the formation of a new private Center for Scientific Anomalies Research (CSAR) which will bring together scholars and researchers concerned with furthering responsible sci entific inquiry into and evaluation of claims of anomalies and the paranormal. Th

I am pleased to announce the formation of a new private Center for Scientific Anomalies Research (CSAR) which will bring together scholars and researchers concerned with furthering responsible sci entific inquiry into and evaluation of claims of anomalies and the paranormal. The Center will: *Advanc

*Sponsor conferences, lectures and symposia related to anomaly research. * Promote improved communication between critics and proponents of scientific anomalies. In addition to the Director of CSAR, Dr. Marcello Truzzi. and its Associate Director, Dr. Ronald Westrum, both sociologists at Eastern

Dean Robert G. Jahn (School o6 Eng.i.ne.eM.ng/AppUed. Scie.ne£.; PJU.nc.e.ton UM.ve.1L6.U:y), Or. John Pal mer ('Oe.pt. o6 PaJta.p6yc.ho.togy; John F. Kennedy Uni..veJrA..Uy), Prof. Robert Rosenthal ('Dept. o6.P6ychology 8 Soci..al Retation4;

CSAR is still in its formative stage. Those associated with CSAR 'roa)' be Consultants and/or Members. Consultants will be persons with demonstrated expertise in some area of anomaly research. Consultants will vary widely in their opinions, and need not necessarily become Members of CSAR. Persons wh

PETER HURKOS' DUTCH CASES PIET HEIN HOEBENS The minuscule kingdom of the Netherlands has produced what seems a disproportionate number of occult detectives - individuals who profess to assist the police by paranormal means in locating missing persons and solving crimes.

PIET HEIN HOEBENS The minuscule kingdom of the Netherlands has produced what seems a disproportionate number of occult detectives - individuals who profess to assist the police by paranormal means in locating missing persons and solving crimes. Foreign newspaper reports have conveyed the impression

Of all Dutch "paragnosts" (as they are called in Holland), none has achieved more fame in the US than Pieter van der Hurk, alias Peter Hurkos. The Radar Brain Man was born in Dordrecht on May 21, 1911. He spent the major part of his professional life in the US, and is now an American citizen, but hi

As is well known, Hurkos acquired his uncanny gifts as the result of a fall from a ladder in the summer of 1941. At that time, Holland was an occupied country, and the Dutch police was controlled unpatriotic to assist the authorities, so Peter Hurkos decided to use his ESP to further the aims of the

After the Liberation, Peter Hurkos put his uncanny gifts at the disposal of the Dutch authorities. An early success is related on pp. 64-65 of the autobiography and on page 181 of Archer. In the autumn of 1946 a young coal miner in the province of Limburg was murdered by his stepfather, Bernard van

ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS: A REPORT ON THE ANOMALY PROJECT'S INVUSTRIAL RESEARCH &VEVELOPMENT UFO SIGHTING POLL RON WESTRUM Introduction

A REPORT ON THE ANOMALY PROJECT'S INVUSTRIAL RESEARCH &VEVELOPMENT UFO SIGHTING POLL RON WESTRUM Introduction While these problems were being considered, an opportunity arose by chance to collect some data of my own.

&VEVELOPMENT UFO SIGHTING POLL RON WESTRUM Introduction While these problems were being considered, an opportunity arose by chance to collect some data of my own.

RON WESTRUM Introduction While these problems were being considered, an opportunity arose by chance to collect some data of my own. February 1979, Industrial Research & Development conducted a readerresponse card poll on the opinions of its readers about Unidentified

TO CARL SAGAN ROBERT K.G. TEt~PLE Dear Or . Sagan: I am hi ghly flattered that you have wished to enter the debate about the astronomical knowledge of the Dogon tribe of Africa, first brought to

ROBERT K.G. TEt~PLE Dear Or . Sagan: I am hi ghly flattered that you have wished to enter the debate about the astronomical knowledge of the Dogon tribe of Africa, first brought to public attention by my book The Sirius Mystery in 1976. Your contribution

Dear Or . Sagan: I am hi ghly flattered that you have wished to enter the debate about the astronomical knowledge of the Dogon tribe of Africa, first brought to public attention by my book The Sirius Mystery in 1976. Your contribution to this subject first appeared 1n the magazine Omni for August 19

MARVIN GARDENSl AntJ .6~1f between the c.halta.cA:Vt6 ..in th-<A JtepO!I.t, inctu.d..ing .the a.u.thoJt, and p~ o n6 Uving, dead, oil on The O:theJz. Side, ~ ..in aLe p!to bab..u....i;ty puJt.ely c.oinc.iden:tai.. And yet •

AntJ .6~1f between the c.halta.cA:Vt6 ..in th-<A JtepO!I.t, inctu.d..ing .the a.u.thoJt, and p~ o n6 Uving, dead, oil on The O:theJz. Side, ~ ..in aLe p!to bab..u....i;ty puJt.ely c.oinc.iden:tai.. And yet • Once there was a sleight-of-mind expert called The Incredible

The tension in the small~ crude operating room is intense. A young Filipina Woman, in an apparent state of fear and semishock is helped onto a long wooden table where she lies on her

Even an aobreviated review of the numerous books, papers, and other material on the origin of unidentified flying object (UFO) eyewitness reports requires far more space than is available here (see Catoe, 1969). Writer Greenwel l is to be congratulated for attempting to reduce the major theories and

J. RICHARD GREENWELL Introductory Remarks I thank the many knowledgeable persons who agreed to participate in this Dialogue on the UFO problem. The original article on UFO "theories" was specifically written in a condensed form for The Encyclopedia of UFOs (Ooubleday, 1980), but the critiques and

JEFFREY MISHLOVE A major problem for parapsychology is that the general public seems prone to confuse the scientific study of psi phenomena with the most outrageous popular abuses of reason. This is partially understandable insofar as terms such as "parapsychology" and "ESP" have been appropriated w

I am honoured that Dr. Mishlove should take note of my article in the European Journal of Parapsychology but I beg leave to clarify my own position lest his embrace become an embarrassment. He attributes to me the view that: 11 such subjects as acupuncture, astrology, UFOs and psychotronics should b

The PaJUtp-5 yclwlogiot at the Choic.epoJ..n;t ~he1 implic~tions of Dr. Michlove's essay is to give parapsycho~O~lsts a c~o1ce between scientific investigation based on emp1r1cal real1ty-testing and a religious stance based upon faith and subjective validation. I shall try to make clear why this is

Con6Mnting a Schi,omatic Pa!W.poychofogy I have been aware of 11 Schisms" within parapsycholoqy ever since I became interested in professional psychical research in the 1950's. I was surprised to hear one group of East coast researchers refer to a recent book by J. B. Rhine (1947) as "The Retch of t

As an anthropologist I find Mishlove's comments highly relevant. As one who has in the last decade frequently been involved with parapsychological data and parapsychologists and, from time to time, with their critics (or with them as critics of my own work) I find his most outrageous assertions enti

The news, according to Jeffrey Mishlove, is that parapsychologists have forsaken "subjectivity.~~ The reason: they have gone straight in their drive to be "scientific. 11 The problem: subjectivity can be beneficial to science. Is he right? To answer this questio·n, let's look at what Mishlove means

In his paper "The Schism within Pa rapsycho 1ogy" Or. Mi shl ove raises several issues which deserve added comment. One theme which he brings forth is that parapsychologists seem to have developed a rather myopic attitude towards their own field--both as to its proper area of study and the role pers

This is odd. Every dilemma and gap and problem that Mishlove describes is real -- but I view them as showing basic unity behind diversity: methodological differences but no schisms. Take his first example. He quotes a pleasant metaphor: that the parapsychologist and occultist have "no common ground

One of the oldest jokes in Christian Tehological circles is that "mysticism begins in mist and ends in schism." Anyone interested in phychic phenomena can, I think, acknowledge the insight contained in this observation without necessarily subscribing to the implied scholastic animus against mystics.

The schism which Mishlove addresses is not so much within parapsychology as it is between academic parapsychology and paranormal beliefs and practices, both historically and contemporarily. Mishlove 1 s paper documents the growing recognition by parapsychologists of the need for a wider perspective

JEFFREY MISHLOV£ P!Uftla.Jc.ily lhe ~.> phe..Jte o 6 ab j e. dive la.Lv L~ ~the A'..nte/rptay o 6 thought!.>, emotiono, memoliie-6 and voUUono in c.o~Mc.iou.Mte~.>~.>. In c.ovz.bwaing votitiono obJective tmv c.ontJwt!.> alho the c.oMeta.:t.iono whic.h Me .the phy-6ic.at c.owvtelr..paJr..U o£ vatitio

P!Uftla.Jc.ily lhe ~.> phe..Jte o 6 ab j e. dive la.Lv L~ ~the A'..nte/rptay o 6 thought!.>, emotiono, memoliie-6 and voUUono in c.o~Mc.iou.Mte~.>~.>. In c.ovz.bwaing votitiono obJective tmv c.ontJwt!.> alho the c.oMeta.:t.iono whic.h Me .the phy-6ic.at c.owvtelr..paJr..U o£ vatitiono. --SLt Anthu.n

I would like to comment on some fundamental issues involved in conducting a zetetic discussion, be it a dialogue or a debate. The Editor proposes to have dialogues, in the pages of Zetetic Scholar, among peers some of whom are proponents and some opponents of paranormal claims. The problem is that o

Professor Zusne!s points have been raised by other correspondents, so I am glad to take this opportunity to respc'h.d:-and.p~rhaps to tlarify the position of Zeteti Scholarf!ln these matters. Though I hope that authors of the dialogues in ZS will sometimes persuade one another to alter their views,

HARRIS WALKER'S COMMENTS ON EDWARD W. KARNES, ET AL., RE: REMOTE VIEWING {ZS #6): -Walker (1981) has given seven arguments against the acceptability of the Karnes ~t _!l 's (1980) Fai1ure to Replicate Remote-Viewing Using Psychic Subjects... These are:

VIEWING {ZS #6): -Walker (1981) has given seven arguments against the acceptability of the Karnes ~t _!l 's (1980) Fai1ure to Replicate Remote-Viewing Using Psychic Subjects... These are: Deviations from the protocol of the experiment being replicated. Karnes, ~t !1 made significant changes in the R

-Walker (1981) has given seven arguments against the acceptability of the Karnes ~t _!l 's (1980) Fai1ure to Replicate Remote-Viewing Using Psychic Subjects... These are: Deviations from the protocol of the experiment being replicated. Karnes, ~t !1 made significant changes in the Remote Viewing exp

Evan Harris Walker has reemphasized his previously stated conclusion (Walker, 1981) that our failure to successfully demonstrate remote viewing can be traced to procedural deviations from the protocols used by Puthoff and Targ. According to Walker's procedural-sensitivity hypothesis, remote viewing

A major ZS ··Oia logue on the controversy surrounding the "~1ars Effect 11 c1 aims ....., . . t.J) of M. Gauauelin and his cr1tics as evaluated by Fatrick Curry. "Patterns of Belief in Religious, Ps.vchi c and Other Paranormal Phenomena., .. a close· soCio1og1c~1 ··look at the Gallup data. R~ Hyman•

ZS continues its struggle for survival. You can help by renewing your subscription, encouraging others--including libraries--to subscribe, and simply by spreading word of the existence of ZS. Your help and suggestions are solicited. Only 600 copies of ZS issues are published. We are more interested

ANOMALIES RESEARCH <CSAR) SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF CLAIMS OF ANOMAILIES AND THE PARANORMAL ISSUE NUMBER 9

ISSUE NUMBER 9 The opinions expressed in this journal do not necessarily represent those of the Center. All

The opinions expressed in this journal do not necessarily represent those of the Center. All correspondence, including manuscripts, lette

Patterns of Belief in Religious, Psychic and Other Paranorma 1 Phenomena.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 PIET HEIN HOEBENS Mystery Men fro~ Holland, II: The Strange Case of Gerard Croiset (A CSAR Special P~oje~ Repo~} .•••...•.•. 20

Defining u-uFon. . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . •. . . . . . • •• . • . • . • . . • . • . . . . • • • • • • 84 MICHAEL HARRISON Reflections on the Role of Hyperosmia in ESP: Some Personal Observations (A V~~o~nth £64ay) •••••••••••••••• 98 NEW ZS VI ALOGUE

Reflections on the Role of Hyperosmia in ESP: Some Personal Observations (A V~~o~nth £64ay) •••••••••••••••• 98 NEW ZS VI ALOGUE Introduction to '-Research on the Mars Effect" (M. TRUZZI} •••.•.•.•.•.•••. 33 PATRICK CURRY

Research on the Mars Effect ••..••••••••••••••••••••.•.•.•.•.•••. 34 Critical Commertaries By: MICHEL GAUQUELIN ••••••••.• 54 PIET HEIN HOEBENS ••••••• 70 HANS J. EYSENCK ••••••••••• 61 lUG DE MARR(••••••••.•.• 71 H, KRI PS. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 63

HANS J. EYSENCK ••••••••••• 61 lUG DE MARR(••••••••.•.• 71 H, KRI PS. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 63 J. 00tf.1ANGET. • • • • • • • • • • . 73 I.J. GOOD ••••••.•••••••••• 65 GAUQUELIN repl'ies .•••. 75

PATRICK CURRY Replies to His Corrmentators ••••••••••••••••••.••••.•••••.. 78 CONT1NU1NG ZS V1ALOGUES Comments on J. Richard Greenwell re UFOs by: RICHARD DE MILLE •••••••••••••••••• ~ ••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••• 96 GEQRGE 0, ABELL •••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••.•.•.•. 96

Comments on J. Richard Greenwell re UFOs by: RICHARD DE MILLE •••••••••••••••••• ~ ••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••• 96 GEQRGE 0, ABELL •••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••.•.•.•. 96 J. ''ALLEN H\1NEK ................................................... 97 REGULAR ZS FEATURES

EDITORIAL ................................................................ 3 LETTERS: MALCOLM DEPJ~ * IVAN W. KELLY •••••••••••••••.••••.••••.••.••••• 90 RANDOM BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE OCCULT AND THE PARANORMAl •••.•.•.••••••••••••. 68 BOOK REVIEWS John Hasted's METAL BENVERS (Harry Co11ins) •••••••••••

BOOK REVIEWS John Hasted's METAL BENVERS (Harry Co11ins) ••••••••••••••••.•••• 108 Books Bri ef1y Noted (M, TRUZZI) ••••••••••••••••••.•••.•.•.•.•••. 110 ERRA TAo • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • • • 20 ON C

ANOMALY NEWSFRONT ••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••..•• 97 CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE: GEORGE 0. ABELL is a Professor of Astronomy at the University of California at Los Angeles.

This issue of ZS includes an important dialogue on the controversy around the r~ars Effect experiments sponsored by the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP). What follows r.eflects only the views of myself, and should not be taken as the viewpoint of any of

GOALS OF THE CENTER: * To advance the interdisciplinary scientific study of alleged and verified anomalies. *To act as a clearinghouse for scientific anomaly research. * To publish a journal (Zetetic Schola4), a newsletter (The CSAR Buttetin), research reports, and bibliographies. *To promote dissem

* To advance the interdisciplinary scientific study of alleged and verified anomalies. *To act as a clearinghouse for scientific anomaly research. * To publish a journal (Zetetic Schola4), a newsletter (The CSAR Buttetin), research reports, and bibliographies. *To promote dissemination of informatio

SCIENCE CONSULTANTS: George 0. Abell - Theodore X. Barber - Daryl J. BernMario Bunge - Persi Diaconis - Eric J. Dingwall - Gerald L. Eberlein - Hans J. Eysenck - Paul Feyerabend - I.J. Good - Morris Goran Bernard Heuvelmans - Ray Hyman- J. Allen Hynek- Robert G. Jahn Martin Johnson - Richard Kammann

Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA ***************** The primary focus of the Center will be on the study and evaluation of bodies of anomalous observations rather than upon esoteric theories seeking to explain already known phenomena. The orientation of trre Center is exclusively scientific, places trre burde

AND OTHER PARANORMAL PHENOMENA ~ ~ JEFF SOBAL & CHARLES F. EMMONS ~ In our culture there are widespread beliefs in many phenomena not recognized or explained by current scientific paradigms. Some of these unexplained phenomena are based in religious tradition,

~ JEFF SOBAL & CHARLES F. EMMONS ~ In our culture there are widespread beliefs in many phenomena not recognized or explained by current scientific paradigms. Some of these unexplained phenomena are based in religious tradition, such as life after death, angels, and devils. Other beliefs derive

Errat! to ZEETETIC SCHOLAR #8: 1) The top of pa9e 52 should have started with the missing line: Probably all can agree that Carl Sagan has been the principal" 2) The book review by D.H. Saklofske was co-authored by Ivan W. Kelly.

1) The top of pa9e 52 should have started with the missing line: Probably all can agree that Carl Sagan has been the principal" 2) The book review by D.H. Saklofske was co-authored by Ivan W. Kelly. A SPECIAL CSAR PROJECT REPORT

MYSTERY MEN FROM HOLLAND, 11: The Strange Case of Gerard Croiset PIET HEIN HOEBENS With few exceptions, educated citizens of the Netherlands have always tended to dismiss their former fellow-countryman Peter Hurkos

The Strange Case of Gerard Croiset PIET HEIN HOEBENS With few exceptions, educated citizens of the Netherlands have always tended to dismiss their former fellow-countryman Peter Hurkos as a typical Hollywood character: good enough for gullible Californians, but far too implausible for sober Dutchmen

As I have argued elsewhere, the decisive factor in Croiset's rise to international fame has probably been the fact that his powers of extrasensory perception have been vouched for by a prominent psychical researcher. Professor Doctor Wilhelm Heinrich Carl Tenhaeff enjoyed a considerable reputation,

The claim (pp 108-109 of the Bantam edition of Croiset the Clairvoyant): On February 21, a seven-year old child disappeared in Utrecht. Police could find no trace of him. Three days later Croiset, then living in Enschede, was telephoned by the child's schoolteacher, Miss H.M. "I have a clear picture

Summary of Pollack's account (pp 113-115 of Croiset the Clairvoyant): Late in 1957 five-year old Bernard Schlegel from Bustehude, Germany, vanished. The police were inclined to think that the child had been kidnaped and possibly murdered. In any case, there was a "general belief that the child had n

One of the few autoritative English language publications on Croiset's work as a psychic detective - apart from Pollack's book - is the article Aid to the Police" which Tenhaeff wrote for Tomorrow, the 11 World Digest of Psychical Research and Occult studies" published by Ei1een Garrett. The article

A summary of the account in the Tomorrow article (pp. 13-14): On April 11, 1953, a Hr. A. M. Den Ho 11 ander, an offici a1 of the Customs' Department at Enschede, had provided Tenhaeff with an extensive report of a meeting with Croiset on the previous November 10. Den Hollander had showed the psychi

On the final page of his Tomorrow paper, Tenhaeff relates Croiset's involvement in the solution of a spectacular crime that had occurred less than one year before the Utrecht lecture '.'ias read. This account deserves to be quoted in full. "In October 1952, a sensational attempt was made to

The following article by Mr. Curry was received by ZS in July of 1981. While being prepared for publication and out for commentaries, the article 11 sTARBABY 11 the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal -- or CSICOP) appeared in the October issue of Fate magazine. Ra

PATRICK CURRY Introduction In modern disputes over the scientific status of astrology, the centerpiece of discussion has always -- rightly or wrongly -- been the work of Michel and Francoise Gauquelin. Recently, the American Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (or

Since receipt of Mr. Curry's manuscript and the commentaries that follow, a number of events have taken place. CSICO~~s journal The Skeptiea..t I nqu-iAvr. (Hinter 1981 ) has pub 1is hed a Coimei T statement in response to Dennis Rawlins's charges, another stateme,nt by.Profs. Abell and Kurtz, a let

Patrick Curry's careful analysis is a successful effort to bring some clarity to the Mars effect controversy. I am especially relieved to see my repeated letters to Paul Kurtz quoted by Curry because it was tedious work to do so and, up to now, not at all rewarding. Though very different from the re

. . or. D. Nias and.myself, in our book on Astrology- Science or Superstltlon?, to be puhl1shed early in 1982 by 1·1aurice T.emple Smith in Lond have dev~ted a whole chapter to an examination of Gauquelin's contribut·on, and par~lcu~arly i~cluding a discussion of the Mars effect, and the deb~~~, con

What does the scientific establishment do when threatened by an intruder - particularly one (like Astrology) which rises from a ·17th Century grave? Patrick Curry has given us some insight into this, in his alarming tale of "Research into the Mars Effect·.n And this same story is unfolded, in even m

The c_hanc_e,o o6 anything c_omin.g t)Jt~m MaJt-6 Me a m..i.1.lio n .to . one, " he .tJCti.d. "The dtanc_e,o o6 anything c_omvtg fiJtom Ma.Jt,6 Me a m.i.llion to one -- but J.>:tf..l.j_ they c.ome." -- Jeff Wayne's musical version of The War of the Worlds.

In his admirable attempt to sum up the complicated "Mars Effect" controversy, Mr. Curry has addressed two crucial questions: 1) Has the affair affected the credibility of CSICOP?; 2) Is there such a thing as a Mars Ad 1): The affair has been variously described as "the biggest scandal in the history

As I was strongly involved in the work of the Belgian 11 Para Committee,11 regarding the so-called 11 Mars effectn of Mr. Gauquelin, I 1 d like to bring - especially for the esteemed readers of the Zetetic Scholar -my witness in this matter. Having collected nearly all of Gauquelin's material - as f

a) After several years of various experimental and theoretical research and very careful examination of the above mentioned effect claimed by M. M.GAUQUELIN, the Belgian Committee "PARA" has clearly expressed its views on the subject in the issue no 43 of its NOUVELLES BREVES (September 1976).

"Apr)s etude et verification des trav.aux de M. M.GAUQUELIN, le Comite 1) reconnait que le calcul des classes dans lesquelles apparaissent les instants de naissance des individus concernes, a ete effectue correctement par M. M.GAUGUELIN; 2) d~clare qu'en utilisant un nouvel echantillon de 535 sporti

- to recognize clearly the entire validity of the analysis made by the Committee and published in the NOUVELLES PREVES (by the lack of any other similar analysis), - to indicate without any possible doubt with an appropriate theoretical demonstration if necessary, on which precise point this analysi

COMMENTS ON THE STATEMENT BY THE BELGIAN COMMITTEE Among the reactions following Patrick Curry's stimulus article on the Mars effect in ZETETIC SCHOLAR, the statement issued by the Belgian Committee Para, written by its president the astronomer J. Dommanget, deserves a special treatment, I think. Pe

Among the reactions following Patrick Curry's stimulus article on the Mars effect in ZETETIC SCHOLAR, the statement issued by the Belgian Committee Para, written by its president the astronomer J. Dommanget, deserves a special treatment, I think. People who are sufficiently aware of the Mars effect

I have nothing to add to the comments of Dr. Gauquelin, Prof. Eysenck or Prof. Krips. They enlarge on some points I could only touch on, as well as raising a few new ones worth considering. The two central issues confronting us here are: (l) the question of scientific impropriety, and (2) the scient

My paper elicited statements by Dr. Oommanget (for the Belgian Comite Para) and Prof. de Marre. A response from Mr. Gauquelin to the former is appended thereto--. Given his familiarity with the Comite, and Prof. de Marre's longstanding participation in it, these three papers shouTd be carefully cons

In case they have not already so gathered, readers should be apprised that at the time of writing, not one comment has been received from~ member of the CSICOP.* That includes those at the center of this matter, Prof. 's~urtz Tespecially), Abell and Zelen, as well as others not too distant-- Prof. H

I suppose most readers will have seen D. Rawlins' article, published in Fate, Oct. 1981. Though written independently of mine, "sTARBABY 11 natura-rly overlaps to some extent. To that extent, I endorse Rawlins' As with "Research on the Mars Effect, there has been no public reply from the principals

In my July analysis, I mentioned a committee of French scientists who were said to be considering attempting an independent replication of the Mars effect. This is the Comite Francais pur 1 'Etude des Phenomenes Paranormaux (CFEPP). I am very sorry to say that at persent the situation does not look

This note is simply to advise readers of a new journal -- "Correlation: Journal of Research into Astrology." I will declare an interest -- I am a Consulting Editor, since this journal publishes any results relating to this field -- negative or positive -- that are competently arrived at; as well as

ON THE COMMITTEES. There is no doubt but that the entire story recounted above will be thoroughly gone over by sociologists of science. That is certainly as it should be; there is much to learn. But it is ironic that the various Committees,whoseprincipal goal was the defense of rationalism (against

There is no doubt but that the entire story recounted above will be thoroughly gone over by sociologists of science. That is certainly as it should be; there is much to learn. But it is ironic that the various Committees,whoseprincipal goal was the defense of rationalism (against irrationalism), wil

Obviously this is a subject that needs more than a few remarks. But same token, its importance to the issues at hand means Imust say The usual op1n1on is summarized in a remark approvingly quoted by D. Saklofske in the preceding Zetetic Scholar (No. 8, p. 134): "The two worldviews (of science and as

MICHAEL MARTIN Despite the scientific importance of having a clear definition of UF0, 11 surprisingly little has been done to produce a definition that is relatively clear and free from problems. For example, the Valleel maintain that at the present time it is not possible to define 11 UF0." this ju

DEAN'S RESPONSE TO IVAN W. KELLY & DON H. SAKLOFSKE'S REVIEW OF THE ASTROLOGY GAME: Of The Astrology Game, David A. Rodger, former director of the Vancouver Planetarium, wrote: " ... while I disagree with some of its conclusions, I must give

Of The Astrology Game, David A. Rodger, former director of the Vancouver Planetarium, wrote: " ... while I disagree with some of its conclusions, I must give (Dean) credit for having written the most literate and wellinformed book on the subject I've ever read."1 George Nickas, a Vancouver astronome

Malcolm Dean's reply to th3 Skeptical Inquirer 1 and Zetetic Scholar reviews of his book, The Astrology Game , leaves much to be desired. His rebuttal fails to address the main criticisms of his book. Instead, it attempts to divert the reader from these main issues with other reviews, with irrelevan

0. ABELL, RE "THEORIES ••• OF UFOS": In his response to Abell (ZS #8), J. Richard Greenwell chides Carl Sagan for inconsistency, in both admitting the astronomical improbability of multiple human evolution and confidently expecting to find intelligence throughout the universe. Sagan, however, is on

In his response to Abell (ZS #8), J. Richard Greenwell chides Carl Sagan for inconsistency, in both admitting the astronomical improbability of multiple human evolution and confidently expecting to find intelligence throughout the universe. Sagan, however, is on record as a staunch supporter of neo-

RE "THEORIES ... OF UFOS": In my response to Mr. Greenwell's article I did not mean to imply that there are necessarily many other civilizations in the Galaxy, and on re-reading what I wrote I find that I did not say so. I was speaking to the argument advanced by many adherents of the extraterrestri

In my response to Mr. Greenwell's article I did not mean to imply that there are necessarily many other civilizations in the Galaxy, and on re-reading what I wrote I find that I did not say so. I was speaking to the argument advanced by many adherents of the extraterrestrial hypothesis for UFOs, nam

REFLECTIONS ON THE ROLE OF HYPEROSMIA IN ESP: SOME PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS In the traditional restriction of the physical senses to five - touch, sight, hearing, taste and smell - it has long been recognized that the last two, taste and smell, are so closely connected that this pair might

In the traditional restriction of the physical senses to five - touch, sight, hearing, taste and smell - it has long been recognized that the last two, taste and smell, are so closely connected that this pair might well he considered as but one sense. It is true that, deprived of the sense of smell,

That there are hallucinations, even those who have never endured the disturbing experience of "seeing what we know to be absent 11 will admit; but all too often, the significant vision - the 11 Vision with a message"• will be dismissed, even by the patient, as mere "Hallucination.~~ The fearful deli

The last of my six shared experiences was that of our seeing together what appeared to be the apparition of a small, female-shaped brown cloud, as it came through the front-door of our flat in Victoria, London. We had both seen this shape several times earlier, but never had we seen it together. For

Before I go on to discuss the more generalized aspects of my hyperosmia, I would like to give, in some detail, my first acknowledgment of a significance in my hyperosmia. The experience happened in the dawn of an autumn day in October, 1930, and there may be a fact of importance, that I shall discus

In my case, the range of odours assignable to hyperosmic classification is far n~rrower than one might expect. I have smelt some appalling odours: edcurs with the deathly menace of Hell implicit in their detestable horror; uu: frightening, even merely unpleasant, odours are rare in my experience. I

In the past few weeks, and especially in the past week, the small, apparently insignificant m,anifestations of "precognition" have been as impressive as numerous - though they still remain without apparent significance. For instance, what is the significance of these three - selected at

BOMB" - and the story quotes "University of Texas Poison Control Center investigator Ron Tisdell ... " - only different by one vowel from the name of my Trustee. Thinking (why ... ?) of Evelyn Waugh, I tried to remember the name

I have referred to what I may justly call my 11 personal hyperosmia," but there are many well-attested occurrences of~ phenomena that we might term "group odour-detection" sometimes of an unpleasant character, sometimes of quite the reverse; and if the generally-accepted view is that hyperosmia is a

The first of my five selected cases took place, appropriately enough, in Robertson County, Tennessee, in 1817; and involved a farmer anmed John Bell, his wife, Lucy, and their nine children. It is now accepted modern practice to seek for the focus of poltergeist activity in the presence of a {usuall

Pontefract is a quiet, slowly-decaying town in Yorkshire. It is very ancient; and whether justified or not, the accepted explanation that the name (pronounced "Pumfret") is derived from the Latin for "Broken Bridge" sufficiently indicates the town's claim to a notable antiquity. This was very much R

TRUE DISBELIEVERS THE MARS EFFECT CONTROVERSY

J, ALLEN HYNEK DAVID M, JACOBS JOSEPH G, JORGENSEN SEYMOUR MAUSKOPF EDWARD J, MOODY

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF CLAIMS OF ANOMALIES AND THE PARANORMAL ISSUE NUMBER 10 DECEMBER 1982 Copyr1 ght @ 1982 by Ma rce 11 o Truzzi

ISSUE NUMBER 10 DECEMBER 1982 Copyr1 ght @ 1982 by Ma rce 11 o Truzzi ZETETIC SCHOLAR is published by Marcello Truzzi and fs the off1c1a1 journal of the Center for Scfentfftc Anomaltes Research. The opinions expressed

DECEMBER 1982 Copyr1 ght @ 1982 by Ma rce 11 o Truzzi ZETETIC SCHOLAR is published by Marcello Truzzi and fs the off1c1a1 journal of the Center for Scfentfftc Anomaltes Research. The opinions expressed fn thfs journal do not necessarily represent those of the Center. All

The Invention of Witchcraft: Uses of Documentary and OralHistorical Sources in Reconstructing the History of the Gardnerian Movement ..............................•••. 17 HARVEY H. NININGER UFOs, Fireballs and Meteorites ........•.••••..••••••••••••••........ On the. Ma/t6 Efi&e~t Ccmt•tu~·ctu!lU

UFOs, Fireballs and Meteorites ........•.••••..••••••••••••••........ On the. Ma/t6 Efi&e~t Ccmt•tu~·ctu!lU R.A. MCCONNELL &T.K. CLARK Guardians of Orthodoxy: The Sponsors of the Committee for the Scientific Investioation of Claims of the Paranormal ........ 43

Guardians of Orthodoxy: The Sponsors of the Committee for the Scientific Investioation of Claims of the Paranormal ........ 43 RI CHARD KAW~ANN The True Disbelievers: Mars Effect Drives Skeptics to Irrationality ..•............................................ 50

The True Disbelievers: Mars Effect Drives Skeptics to Irrationality ..•............................................ 50 THE BELGIAN COMtn A Last Answ~r to M. Gauquelin •..................................... 66 MICHEL GAUQUELIN

A Last Answ~r to M. Gauquelin •..................................... 66 MICHEL GAUQUELIN Response to the Statement of the Committee Para •.••••••••••......... 67 A Proposa 1 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 72 MARCELLO TRUZZI

RON \siESTRUt-1 Crypto-Science and Social Intelligence about Anomalies .........••... 89 Critical Commentaries By: ROY P. MACKAL ....•.........•..... 102 C. L. HARDIN ............. 126

Crypto-Science and Social Intelligence about Anomalies .........••... 89 Critical Commentaries By: ROY P. MACKAL ....•.........•..... 102 C. L. HARDIN ............. 126 ROBERT ROSENTHAL ................. 103

HANS J. EYSENCK ................. 105 TREVOR PINCH ............ 1 PATRICK GRIM .....•.••............ 107 GE RD H. HOVE UV\~IN .••.... 1 31 HENRY H. BAUER ................... 109

PATRICK GRIM .....•.••............ 107 GE RD H. HOVE UV\~IN .••.... 1 31 HENRY H. BAUER ................... 109 BRIAN INGLIS ............ 134 SUSAN SMITH-CUNMIEN &

ROY WALLIS .............. 135 GARY ALAN FINE ................ 112 tn LLI S l;J. HARr1M ........ 1 3 6 ANDREVJ NEHER ..................... 116 J. RICHARD GREENWELL. ... 137

MORRIS GORAN ............ 139 DANIEL COHEN ..................... ll8 GERALD L. EBERLEIN •••••. 140 SONJA GROVER ......... ~ ........... 119 WILLIAM R. CORLISS ............... 120

SONJA GROVER ......... ~ ........... 119 WILLIAM R. CORLISS ............... 120 ROGER W. WESCOTT. ....... 141 NOR~1AN DIXON ..................... 121 PIET HEIN HOEBENS ................ 124

NOR~1AN DIXON ..................... 121 PIET HEIN HOEBENS ................ 124 CONTINUING ZS DIALOGUES CHARLES SULLIVAN On "Patterns of Belief in Religious, Psychic and Other

CHARLES SULLIVAN On "Patterns of Belief in Religious, Psychic and Other Paranormal Phenomena" ......................••..•..••..••.... 147 J. SOBAL & C.F. EMt10NS Reply to Charles Sullivan ••.....................••.••..•.••..•.••..• 149

On "Patterns of Belief in Religious, Psychic and Other Paranormal Phenomena" ......................••..•..••..••.... 147 J. SOBAL & C.F. EMt10NS Reply to Charles Sullivan ••.....................••.••..•.••..•.••..• 149 LETTERS: CHRISTOPHER C. SCOTT - t1. TRUZZI_. (On Occultism & Secularization) * LU

Reply to Charles Sullivan ••.....................••.••..•.••..•.••..• 149 LETTERS: CHRISTOPHER C. SCOTT - t1. TRUZZI_. (On Occultism & Secularization) * LUC M.J.I. DE MARRE (On the Para Committee) * CHRISTOPHER SCOTT (On the Brugmans Experiment) * J. RICHARD GREENWELL (On UFO Theories) * JENNY RANDL

&HILARY EVANS (On Defining UFOs) * ROBERTO FARABONE (More on UFO Theories) ..•...................•••.••••.•..•.•. 151 SPECIAL ZS BIBLIOGRAPHIC FEATURES LEONARD ZUSNE Fingertip Sight 11 : A Bibliography ..................................... . 35

(More on UFO Theories) ..•...................•••.••••.•..•.•. 151 SPECIAL ZS BIBLIOGRAPHIC FEATURES LEONARD ZUSNE Fingertip Sight 11 : A Bibliography ..................................... . 35 MARCELLO TRUZZI

Fingertip Sight 11 : A Bibliography ..................................... . 35 MARCELLO TRUZZI Chinese Parapsychology: A Bibliography of English Language Items •••.•.• 143 IVAN W. KELLY Debunking Biorhythms: A Supplement •.•..••••••.....•.•.•..••••••••.••.•• 146

Debunking Biorhythms: A Supplement •.•..••••••.....•.•.•..••••••••.••.•• 146 HENRY H. BAUER The Loch Ness Monster:.A Guide to the Literature, Supplement 1 ••••••••• 26 REGULAR ZS FEATURES EDITORIAL ..................................................... ··.·.· . ··•··•······•

BOOK REVIEWS Secretariat international des luestions Scientifiques's Sc[enee ~t Ant~/~e--lenec> (GREGORY R. t·:CGUIRE) ...•..................... 1 5:1

****************************************************************************************** In ZS#9, the remarks on Patrick Curry•s article on the Mars Effect which were attributed to J. Dommanget should have more properly been attributed to the Belgian Committee Para for whom J. Dommanget was acting

E-t)THE MYSTERY MEN iKOM HOLL \ND, Ill: 6t) 6t) THE MAN WHOSE PASSPORl- SA'lS CLAIRVOYANT PIET HEIN HOEBENS He has solved so:- 12 extremely complex crimes, has located graves that have been 'lost' since 1917, foretold a great many events that

THE MAN WHOSE PASSPORl- SA'lS CLAIRVOYANT PIET HEIN HOEBENS He has solved so:- 12 extremely complex crimes, has located graves that have been 'lost' since 1917, foretold a great many events that defied probability, and once tracked a thief in a distant country by

PIET HEIN HOEBENS He has solved so:- 12 extremely complex crimes, has located graves that have been 'lost' since 1917, foretold a great many events that defied probability, and once tracked a thief in a distant country by telephone. His fame is solidly established in his native Holland and

After the manuscript for the above article had been type-set, I accidentally discovered what must be the solution to the "Professor Greven" mystery. In the thirties there existed in the Hague an obscure "Society for Philosophy and Parapsychology" led by a Dr. E. Greven. This Dr. Greven was a Dutchma

USES OF DOCUMENTARY AND ORAL-HISTORICAL SOURCES IN RECONSTRUCTING THE HISTORY OF THE GARDNERIAN MOVEMENT AIDAN A, KELLY In a paper tl tIed "Observations on Systan I c ~,1ethodo I og I ea I Prob I ans with Theories of Ancient Female Monotheism,'' which I delivered to the

AIDAN A, KELLY In a paper tl tIed "Observations on Systan I c ~,1ethodo I og I ea I Prob I ans with Theories of Ancient Female Monotheism,'' which I delivered to the Women and Religion section of the APR Western Region meetln_g at Fu! ler Theological Seminary, Pasadena, In Jv1arch of this year [1981

In a paper tl tIed "Observations on Systan I c ~,1ethodo I og I ea I Prob I ans with Theories of Ancient Female Monotheism,'' which I delivered to the Women and Religion section of the APR Western Region meetln_g at Fu! ler Theological Seminary, Pasadena, In Jv1arch of this year [1981J, I made three

Gerald Gardner, a retired British civil servant, claimed that he had been Initiated In 1939 Into a coven In the New Forest area that dated back at least to El Jzabethan times. He also claimed to have rer.ovated and augmented the fragmentary traditions of that coven Into a viable system, which he the

The documentary ev I cence here cons 1sts of the foi I C'VJ i rg. (1) Gardner's three published books: HIGH ~1AGIC 1 S P.ID (HIV'tA), 1947; ~IITCHCRAFT TODAY (WT), 1954; and THE ~1EANit-.IG OF WITCHCRAFT (~1W), 1958 (2) A set of eighteen typewritten documents owned by Car! L. Weschcke, President of

(2) A set of eighteen typewritten documents owned by Car! L. Weschcke, President of Llewellyn Publications, In St. Paul, along with various handwritten and typewritten I etters from Gardner that allow the documents to be indisputably identified as being from Gardner's hand. These documents, sent to

During this past year, I had the pleasure of a visit fror.· a rnc:n who was at I e and w!I II n~ to answer many questions I had not thought I wou Id ever get answered. He is n~! still a mEmber of Gardner 1 s orl£Inal coven, Into wrich he was initiated In January 1957 by Gardner and by Doreen Val ien

I think the wornE::n's rf£ht!:, nJOVffr,t'•rtt t:as alvrc:1ys t;Qer: much -~c.o fmpor·i2nt to be based on a bogus historical claim. I think the need in our society to explore cmd exper!E·nce the fanlnlr.iiy and n·otherliness et God, both theologically and socially, Is far morE! importan1· for our fu

1979), Merlin Stone's WHEN GOD ~/AS A WOMAN <Dial, 1976), Naomi Go I denberg 1 s OlANG I NG OF THE GODS (Beacon, 1979), or Char I ene Spretnak' s LOST GODDESSES OF EARLY GREECE (fvtoon Books, 1978). AI I these works simply assume the truth of Graves' hypothesis, and offer no analysis, proof, or defe

simply assume the truth of Graves' hypothesis, and offer no analysis, proof, or defense of lt. I find lt even more disturbing that essentially the same unexarnl ned asE,umptl on under I I es works I t~tended to be scholar I y, such as Chri sti ne Down! ng's THE GODDESS (Cro~;sroad, 1981), and many

the articles In Voume I, Part 11, and VolumE 11, Part I, of the Tt'ird Edition of the CAtvBFICGE ANCIENT HISTORY (In cortrast to those Jr. the second edition, which still left the question open). 4. This also was one of Graves' contedlon5, adoptee uncritically by many current fanlnlsts. Geoffrey Ash

THE ESOTERIC, AND THE OCCULT (Wfley, 1974), and In I. J. Zaretsky and M. P. Leone, eds., RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS IN CONTE~1PORARY AfviERICA (Prir:ceton Ur.iverslty Press, 1g74); the latter s;ives an exc€dlent survay of the I lterature to that date. See also Susan Roberts, WITCHES USA (Phoenix House, 2d

P. Leone, eds., RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS IN CONTE~1PORARY AfviERICA (Prir:ceton Ur.iverslty Press, 1g74); the latter s;ives an exc€dlent survay of the I lterature to that date. See also Susan Roberts, WITCHES USA (Phoenix House, 2d ed., 1974) tor a well-written popular survey. 9. E.g., none of the books

Ur.iverslty Press, 1g74); the latter s;ives an exc€dlent survay of the I lterature to that date. See also Susan Roberts, WITCHES USA (Phoenix House, 2d ed., 1974) tor a well-written popular survey. 9. E.g., none of the books I isted In note 2 discuss Gardner. Two of bls books appear In Starhawk's bi

220-234. On pp. 222-224, she discusses Feminist Witchcraft specifically, quoting with approval a statEment that its tracition goes back to the "middle ages and . • • anclert rei lgfons and rituals focused on the worship of a Goddess who was a Divir,e ~'~other." She never mentions Gardner, and recomm

lsaac Bonewits, just before he left for his year as Editor of Llewellyn's GNOSTICAP had asked me to submit this essay,. which was subsequently published as "Textual Criticism and the Craft Laws" (GNOSTICA, July 1974). The arrival of this essay In St. Paul reminded Carl Weschcke of the Gardnerlan doc

A GUIDE TO THE LITERATURE Supplement 1 HENRY H. BAUER Since publication of the annotated bibliography "~ 1980 (Z.S. no. 7), the following hooks have been drawn to my attention. They are

Supplement 1 HENRY H. BAUER Since publication of the annotated bibliography "~ 1980 (Z.S. no. 7), the following hooks have been drawn to my attention. They are numbered so as to fit into the seq11ence used f:larliAr.

Story of the Coo~e's visit to Loch Ness, meeting ~ number of ~he monster-hunters and eyewitnesses; gives a good feel for the place and the mystery. No references or citations, but the accuracy is commendable (I noted only two errors: that the Mountain expedition was il"1 1935 (actually,

Orlt afi the gne~;t 6i£iLL'L~!. o6 Ame·'!.i.,•(m me,teolL.-Gt.ic~s, Hcuwe.y H. 1\li¥Unge/L hM pub.f.J..~hed Wofl.k6 bpa.nn{.ng ~~x dec.adc.!J. Among h.L:, many pubt{c.o..UoM a/re. ~!> textbook on me.teoltdru), Ou..t oS Sl:.:.u ( 1952) and tu/:, o..Lttobiog~taph!f

( R. Westrum) H.H. Nininger, "What Constitutes Reliable Data Regarding Meteors or Fireballs?" Popular Astronomy, i!_, #7 (1933). 367-370. C.C. Wylie, Psychologica1 Errors in Meteor Work, (1939), 206-209.

A BIBLIOGRAPHY LEONARD ZUSNE Psychology in the news. American Psychologist, 1964,

LEONARD ZUSNE Psychology in the news. American Psychologist, 1964,

The Sponsors of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal R.A. McCONNELL &T.K. CLARK Uncle Remus' tale of sTARBABY has been told (Raw1ins, 1981a) and pretold (Curry, 1982a) and discussed (Abell & Kurtz, 1981; CSICOP Council, 1981; Curry, l982b; De Marre, 1982; Domman

pu..bfuh Lt. I men:t-Lon tlUA not :to impugn aHy o6 thet:J e pubfic.at.tol'1.6 Of! the.iJt polic.iu -- :theJte Me many good JteMml6 why a pu..buc.a.tlon may lte j ect aJ1 e.xc.eUen:t alttic..ie. Ra:theJt, I mention l i :to point out that tw a!L.tlci e. wat. not .ooUute.d by zs and WwS not o!Liginail

~ ALAST ANSWER TO M. GAUQUELIN COMITE BELGE POUR L1 INVESTIGATION SCIENTIFIQUES DES PHENOM~NES R€PUTES PARANORMAUX The answer of M. M. GAUQUELIN to the recent statement of the Belgian Committee PARA about the so-called Mars-effect has been

COMITE BELGE POUR L1 INVESTIGATION SCIENTIFIQUES DES PHENOM~NES R€PUTES PARANORMAUX The answer of M. M. GAUQUELIN to the recent statement of the Belgian Committee PARA about the so-called Mars-effect has been carefully examined at the last meetings of the Committee. Its

DES PHENOM~NES R€PUTES PARANORMAUX The answer of M. M. GAUQUELIN to the recent statement of the Belgian Committee PARA about the so-called Mars-effect has been carefully examined at the last meetings of the Committee. Its reactions are expressed hereunder:

The answer of M. M. GAUQUELIN to the recent statement of the Belgian Committee PARA about the so-called Mars-effect has been carefully examined at the last meetings of the Committee. Its reactions are expressed hereunder: Everyday, among the numerous scientific papers that are published in the world

A last answer to M. Gauque1in is a remarkably vague one. The Committee Para and its president, astronomer Dommanget, refuse to comply with the four requests I made at the end of my comments on the last Committee Para's statement (see ZETETIC SCHOLAR, No. 9, page 77). My requests are called "personal

The above reply by Mr. Gauquel in was sent to Or. J ... Dommanget of the Belgian Para Committee indicating that ZS would publish any response that Committee might wish to make. A letter to ZS was received dated September 20s 1982 in \~ich Dr. Dommanget stated that the Para Committee had taken note o

After my reply to Lawrence Jerome's attack on my work in The Humanist (Sept/Oct 1975), Paul Kurtz wrote me a letter on October 13, 1975. The letter said: "A group of scientists in the USA led by Professor George Abell would like to review your research findings. Could you pease send us the following

THE MARS EFFECT CONTROVERSY The editorial position of ZETETIC SCHOLAR (ZS) remains open and seeks to be fair-minded towards all parties in the Mars Effect Controversy. And as the editor of ZS, I have tried to avoid direct involvement. But because of my past association with the Committee for the Sci

The editorial position of ZETETIC SCHOLAR (ZS) remains open and seeks to be fair-minded towards all parties in the Mars Effect Controversy. And as the editor of ZS, I have tried to avoid direct involvement. But because of my past association with the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Cla

Mistaken Escalation The very name "t4ars Effect" is a misnomer. The controversy centrally surrounds data purporting to show evidence for a statistically significant and non-chance correlation between persons emerging as sports champions and having Mars in cdrtain positions at the time of birth. But,

The CP's SJUd,i The Belgian CP, as I have noted above, replicated Gau~uelin's experiment and his results but have argued that these do not support his conclusions because the CP ~uestions the validity of the theoretical chance expectation level that Gau~uelin used to compare with his {and

The CSICOP has recently altered the membership of its executive rouncil. Perhaps that \vill prorluce changes. Georoe /\bell has circu:atect a private r:1emo in which he acknowledges many of the errors charged by ~Camr.~ann. :>erhaps that may yet take the form of a public document. Perhaps, as I have

In re-examining the above, I see that little mention has been made of the second CSICOP-associated study, the U.S. test. It must be clearly noted that this U.S. test, if accepted at face value, does not demonstrate the Mars Effect. However, as Patrick Curry has argued in ZS#9,"this study has serious

* A large ZS dialogue on some recommendations for parapsychology. * A dialogue between John Palmer and James E. Alcock on the sci~ntffic status of parapsychology. * 11 Confessions of a Fortean Skeptic" by Jerome

INTELLIGENCE ABOUT ANOMALIES RON WESTRUM The subject of this paper is the nature of research in what have been called the Cryptosciences.nl Some years ago Irving Langmuir delivered a paper on 11 pathological science, the science of things that aren•t there.••2 What I propose to treat here is a relat

RON WESTRUM The subject of this paper is the nature of research in what have been called the Cryptosciences.nl Some years ago Irving Langmuir delivered a paper on 11 pathological science, the science of things that aren•t there.••2 What I propose to treat here is a related topic, the science of "thi

I read the article "Crypto-Science and Social Intelligence About Anomalies" by Ron Westrum with great interest, and then reread it several times. The reason for rereading the article was not that it was unclear, or that I had not followed the arguments and implications. I went over the paper a numbe

"Controversial Science, Crypto Science, and Taboo Science 11 Ron Westrum•s wonderfully candid article was most informative and most stimulating. It was informative in the insight it gave into the life of the cryptoscientist. It was stimulating in that it suggested certain parallels between cryptosci

The article by Ron Westrum on crypto-science presents a very true-tolife picture of what the researcher in these areas (or the writer about these areas) has to expect~ From my own experience I can testify to the accuracy of his observations, and the truth of his statements. The premature crystalliza

The following line of argument is evident in Westrum•s piece and in many a piece like it: Let us suppose that we !.!]_in fact being visited by extraterrestrials. Then there is a clear sociological explanation for why claims of extraterrestrial visitation are nonetheless so widely considered dubious

Westrum's case studies ar'e valuable; he detects and elucidates important themes, which must be considered by those who wish to study anomalies or hidden events. But I shall not take space to detail the many virtues in Westrum's work: it is more productive to argue than to agree. Though my disagreem

Just as the examination of purported deviance allows us to realize the often unseen contours of "normal" behavior, so too does the examination of "deviant science" permit us to recognize the outlines of 11 normal science." Deviance and normative behavior are much closer in form and process than thei

I agree with Ran Westrum's assertion that: "Anything that poses the danger of erasing the boundary between standard, formally recognized 'reality' and other poss-ibilities is violently resisted ... '' (initially at least). I also concur that definitions of science as the study of "the real are inade

The background to Westrum's discussion of the nature of research in what have been called the "crypto-sciences 11 may be summarised as follows: There are a number of anomalous phenomeni such as UFOs, ghosts, spontaneous human combustion, etc., which, over the ages have been reported on, written abou

"Tales from the Crypto 11 ELLIOT: We have to help him (the Extra-Terrestrial) get home. FRIEND: Why- don't they just beam him up? ELLIOT: (Disgustedly): This is reality! Dialogue between two young boys from the

"Science as a Beauty Contest: Some Remarks on the 'Cryptosciences'" Ron Westrum's article contains so many insights and provocative ideas that it is difficult to limit one's discussion. For example, he makes the observation that the 11 cryptosciences" are not adequately

The view that the acceptance and rejection of knowledge claims (including those labelled deviant) in science can be understood with little or no reference to the natural world is by now well elaborated within the sociology of scientific knowledge. From within that tradition the most exciting aspect

Reality, Relevance, and Responsibility" Most of Dr. Westrum's arguments are quite suitable to adequately describe the various problems confronting the "cryptosciences," and I find myself agreeing with many of them. Nevertheless, I will comment on some particular points he makes as well as on one fur

"Cryptoscience 11 Why not "parascience?" I would suggest that a distinction needs to be made between three types of phenomena with which parascience is currently identified. First -- to take Ron Westrum•s examples -- the Lock Ness Monster,

It may well be that I have not entirely caught Ron Westrum's drift in this piece. As far as I understand his concern, it would seem to be that: Society doesn t want to hear about things which might be contrary to prevailing conceptions of reality.

It seems to me that such terms as "pseudoscience," and perhaps even "cryptoscience," are 1 ess· than helpful. If we approach our scientific explorations with appropriate humility in the first place, such appellations are unnecessary because all exploration, however well-meaning and competently done,

I found Dr. Westrum's paper to be well thought out and insightful. I have no specific criticisms, but I would like to relate his observations to a very interesting psychological phenomenon known as conformity. It is conformity which keeps society's trains running, so to speak, and, of course, it is

At the very start~ spontaneous human combustion, ghosts, Loch Ness monsters and Bigfoot are identified as the subject matter of "cryptosciences." I looked forward to a discussion of these intriguing topics but found nothing. Nonetheless I did appreciate Westrum's candor in confessing to be a ufologi

According to Westrum's definition of pseudo-science, his definition of 11 crypto-science 11 could be: 11 Crypto-science is a study of what is possibly real by the competent and/or the amateur scientist.•• This demarcation between science and pseudo-science seems to run into at least three problems.

Roger W. Wescott, "Paranthropology" (esp. pp. 342-343), in Extrasensory Ecology: Parapsychology and Anthropology, Joseph K. Long, ed., Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, N.J., 1977. ***********~~*********************************

IN A FUTURE ISSUE (ZS#ll). **********************************************

********************************************** A CSAR PROJECT REPORT

CHINESE PARAPSYCHOLOGY ABIBLIOGRAPHY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE ITEMS COMPILED BY MARCELLO TRUZZI BACKGROUNV MATERIALS Brown, L.B., Psrsholoijy in Contempgrary China. Oxford: Pergamon Press,l981.

ABIBLIOGRAPHY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE ITEMS COMPILED BY MARCELLO TRUZZI BACKGROUNV MATERIALS Brown, L.B., Psrsholoijy in Contempgrary China. Oxford: Pergamon Press,l981. Chin, Robert, and Ai-Li S. Chin, Psychological Research in Communist China,

COMPILED BY MARCELLO TRUZZI BACKGROUNV MATERIALS Brown, L.B., Psrsholoijy in Contempgrary China. Oxford: Pergamon Press,l981. Chin, Robert, and Ai-Li S. Chin, Psychological Research in Communist China, 1949-1966. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1969.

Brown, L.B., Psrsholoijy in Contempgrary China. Oxford: Pergamon Press,l981. Chin, Robert, and Ai-Li S. Chin, Psychological Research in Communist China, 1949-1966. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1969. Ching, C.C., Psycholog.y in the People's Republic of China," American Psychologist, ~{1980), 1081-

Anonymous, "Visiting Speakers at the FRNM: Zheng Reviews Psi Research in China," !t'.tl.RNM Bulletin, No. 28, July 1982, pp. 5-6. -~--.,..., ';,Peki_nq Can't See ESP," San Francisco Examiner, Feb. 25,1982, p. f,16. ~arapsychology Controversy;" Ch1na Reconstructs, June 19R2 ,

A. From Nature Journal (Ziran Zazhi} Nature Journal,], 4 (April 1980). Translation Division, Foreign Technology Division, WPAFT, Ohio 45433. (FTD-ID (RE) T-1766-80.) 9 articles. Also available from The Mobius Group. He, Chongyan, "Investigations of the Profound Mysteries of Biotics -- Opening Speech

Acta Psychologica Sinica {official journal of the Chinese Institute of Psychology of the Academia Sinica, reestab1ished in 1977). Xinli Kexue Tongxun Xuebao (Psychological Science Newsletter; also publtshed by the Chinese Institute of Psychology) [Both of these can be ordered through the Joint Publi

A Supplement * IVAN W. KELLY Bradshaw, C.W. Validity of biorhythms for predicting death. The Journal of Psychology, 1982, 110, 39-41. Demuth, P. Wobbly biorhythms. Human Behavior, April 1979, 53-55.

AND OTHER PARANORMAL PHENOMENA" CHARLES SULLIVAN Sobal & Emmons (1982) present much useful data concerning paranormal beliefs in an excellent large sample. However, their analysis of the correlations between beliefs and also of the underlying dimensions of paranormal belief seems invalid because the

We would like to make several points about Charles Sullivan's (1983) comments about our paper on patterns of paranormal belief (Sobal and Emmons, 1982). He questions the portion of the paper examining the relationships between paranormal beliefs and dimensions underlying the beliefs. The disaggregat

In the last issue of ZS (1982:#9;3) Dr. Truzzi remarked that CSICOP's position that "'irrationality' and 'pseudoscience' ..• could subvert the progress of civilization" is "naive." Although I like to agree with his position, I have found that many scholars think otherwise and that history tends to s

Mclean Virginia I have never argued that involvement with demonisms was "progressive 11 durfng the classical heretical period of history. My argument has pertained to the contemporary flirtation, much of which is non-serious~ that reflects a breaking away from the traditional supernatura1ism associa

Thank you so much for sending me a copy of the 11 Zetetic Scholar 11 Nr. 9/1982, which I read and studied with great interest. Excuse me, that I have nevertheless been shocked by some items. In his comments on Gauquelin•s answer to the recent statement of the Belgian Para Committee, Mr. Oommanget cr

Antwerp, Belqium ON THE BRUGMANS EXPERIMENT I have to apologize for an error in my Reply to Beloff and Schouten" concerning the Brugmans experiment (Zetetic Scholar, No. 7). The percentages I have as 36% and 8% in the bottom paragraph on page

I have to apologize for an error in my Reply to Beloff and Schouten" concerning the Brugmans experiment (Zetetic Scholar, No. 7). The percentages I have as 36% and 8% in the bottom paragraph on page 142 should have been 27% and 7%. The conclusions are not affected. More significantly, I now believe

London, England ON UFO THEORIES Concerning Richard de Mille's comments {ZS #9) on my response to Abell (ZS #8), Dr. de Mille states that "it is not human beings he [Sagan] imagines on distant planets, simply intelligent beings." I see

Concerning Richard de Mille's comments {ZS #9) on my response to Abell (ZS #8), Dr. de Mille states that "it is not human beings he [Sagan] imagines on distant planets, simply intelligent beings." I see nothing in my response to Dr. Abell that contradicts this statement. I criticized Dr. Sagan for h

Much as I respect Michael Martin for his attempt to produce a scientific definition of the term "UF0 (ZS #9), I think there are a number of factors that he should be aware of. Firstly, whilst he comments that little effort has been made on this point from within the subject, I must stress that this

Cheshire, England I am not at all sure that the hunt for the elusive UFO-definition is a worthwhile occupation, but the temptation to comment on Michael Martin's efforts is irresistible. He deftly analyses the problems, but the definition he ultimately offers, while it may satisfy a philosopher

London, England MORE ON UFO THEORIES I h0pe Mr. Greenwell will forgive my not knowing his language well enough, but I believe our disagreement may be due to having ot transform into Engligh a thought that was conceived in another language.

I h0pe Mr. Greenwell will forgive my not knowing his language well enough, but I believe our disagreement may be due to having ot transform into Engligh a thought that was conceived in another language. In fact therearetwo terms in Italian, rather different in meaning, which are translated in Englis

Bologna, Italy BOOK REVIEWS Science et Antiscience. By the Secretariat international des Questions Scientifiques (no editor 1isted). Paris: Editions du Centurion, 1981. 197 pp. 39 francs (approximately $6.30 Ll.S.).

Highly controversial experiments alleging magnetic ability in human beings. Failures to replicate raise serious questions, but this work should not be dismissed too readily, Fascinating stuff. Baran, Michael, INSIGHTS INTO PREHISTORY. Smithtown, NY: Exposition Press, 1982. 114pp. $7 .00. A sequel to

1982. 27l+xv pp. 8.50 pounds. An exceptional and highly critical work in constructive skepticism. An outstanding survey and analysis of the OOBE experience. Highlv recommended. Bord. Janet and Colin, EARTH RITES. London: Granada, 198?.. 273+xiv pp. 8.95 pounds. A well illustrated survey of fertility

Sfmon and Schuster, 1982. 256pp, $14.95, A remarkable survey on scientific fraud which concludes that fraud is endemic in science today and a function of institutional factors within science -that it is not a case of bad apples but that the problem is with the barrel. Highly recommended. Brody, Ho w

University of Chicago Press, 1gao. 164+vii pp. $13,50. An excellent survey of the research and the deeper philosophical issues, this study is an excellent complement to Michael Jospe's THE PLACEBO EFFECT IN HEALING which covers much of the same territory but is strangely uncited by Brody. Capra, Fri

1982, 464pp. $17.50. Capra applies the new physics and holistic, systemic approaches to the crises of our times including ever.ything from economics to health. A cry for cultural transformation. Cerullo, John J., THE SECULARIZATION OF THE SOUL: PSYCHICAL RESEARCH IN MODERN BRITAIN. Philadelphia: Ins

Institute for the Study of Human Issues (ISHI), 1982. 194+xv1 pp. $18.50. An excellent study in cultural history tractng the development and social meaning of the growth of parapsychology, All critics of parapsychology, espectal1y, should read this book. ~h1ij recommended. Christian, William A., Jr.

University Press, 1982, 349+v1i pp. $25,00. A find scholarly study of the accounts of the appearances of Mary and other saints in rural Spain from 1399 to 1523 with special attention to the social significance and the reactions of acceptance and rejection. Recommended for specialists, Christie-Murra

Charles, 1982, 287 pp. $26,50, A very good survey of the evidence and views on reincarnation which especially concentrates on theologtcal as well as scientific considerations, Recommended. Co111ns, H.M., and T.J. Pinch, FRAMES OF MEANING: THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF EXTRAORDINARY SCIENCE. Boston: Rou

Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1982. 210+vii pp. $27.50. A quite remarkable work of particular importance for those interested in the history of the metal-bending research, Hritten from the relativistic orientation, ft reveals the complexity of the issues and details usually glossed over. A very si

1981. 298+xvi pp. $14.95. Though biased in favor of the animals-have-language camp, this overview of the controversies is a good 1ntroduction to the issues and personalities (people and animals) involved. Not a scholarly work but a !JOOd journalistic account. Davis, Philip J., and Reuben Hersh, THE

University Press, 1982. 543+xiv pp. $25.00. A magnificent psycho-socio-historical study of great interest and depth. Highly recommended. Di Orio, Ralph A., CALLED TO HEAL: RELEASING THE TRANSFORMING POWER OF GOD. Garden City, NY: Ooubleday, 1982. 260pp. $14.95. Roman catholic priest OiOrio discusses

1982. 260pp. $14.95. Roman catholic priest OiOrio discusses the meaning and character of his well publicized healing abilities in an ec~menica~ spirit. Basica~ly a book of his reflections on what he and others see as his gift of heahng. Ma1nly a philosoph1cal-theolog1cal essay. Ddm8tor, Tekla, HUNGA

Scarecrow Press, 1982. 307pp. $17,50. An extraordinary study using survey research methods on over 3600 subjects in flong Kong. S.triking similarities are revealed between this population and Western studies. Recommended for specialists. Eysenck, H.J., and D-:KJ3 tlias, ASTROLOGY: SCIENCE OR SUPERST

MYTHOS. Grand fl.apids, MI: Philosophical Book Service (P.O. Box 1181; 49501), 1982. 57+viii pp. $6.00 paperback, An ecclectic and creative little metaphysical-occult "text" in which Christ is seen as the ",solar logos,u Ascienttfic mumbo-jumbo unless you are into neo-Pythagorean mysticism. Fuller,

Fields, 1982. 288pp. $13.95, An exceptionally lucfd book presenting the problems 1~ith natural sele<ttion and Darwinist evolutionary theory, Not to be confused with a Creationist book (though it commends the Crea.tionists for oten asking the right' questions but providing unscientific answers}, this

Los Angeles: J,P. Tarcher, 1982, 229+xxv pp. $9.95 paper~ack. L0ts of creative exercises which apparently are endorsed by many, I found a lot of it silly, but I don't clai111 to be in touch vlith myself. One man's meat may b~ another man's broccoli, Hoyle, Fred, EVOLUTION FROM SPACE (IHE OMNI LECTUR

NJ: Enslow, 1982, Perhaps Hoyle 1s most controversial writings. Fascinating stuff. Kelly, Edward F., and Ralph G. Locke, ALTERED STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS 1\.ND PSI: AN HISTORICAL SURVEY AN[l RESEARCH PROSPECTUS (Parapsychology ~lonograph No. 18). N.Y.: Parapsychology Foundation, 1981. q4 pp. $6.00 pa

RESEARCH PROSPECTUS (Parapsychology ~lonograph No. 18). N.Y.: Parapsychology Foundation, 1981. q4 pp. $6.00 paperback. A review and call for new research according to a model developed. Well done. Kendon, Adam, editor, NONVERBAL Cot1MI!NJCATION, INTERACTION, AND GESTURE; SELECTIONS FROI,1 SEM!OTICA.

Mouton, 1981, 549+viit pp, $40,00 clothbound; $17.00 paperback. An important collection of semiotics of special interest for ZS readers re such mqtters as cueing· behavior in cold readings, Clever Hans phenomena, etc. Fascinating readings on the subtleties and multichannel character of communication

$15,00, A "manual" for defense by evolutionists against creationists, Kitcher has taken the trouble to read the arguments of the creatfonists and generally does an excellent job of reply. Klarner, David A., editor, THE MATHH1ATICAL GARDNER, Belmont, CA: Hadsworth International, 1981, 382+viii pp. $2

NATURE OF SCIENCE, Elmsford, NY: Pergamon, 1981. 189+xiv pp. $30,00, An important work in the sociology of science with special siqnificance for the protosc1ences, Recommended for the sper:ialist, Lind, Tom, compiler, THE CATALOGUE OF UFO PERIODICALS: A SAID OF SAUCERS PUBLICATION, July 1982. (Avail

240+xv pp. $19.95, A nice collection of reprinted and original essays with an excellent essay McAdams, Elizabeth E., and Raymond Bayless, THE CASE FOR LIFE AFTER DEATH: PARAPSYCHOLOGISTS LOOK AT THE EVIDENCE. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1981, 157+vii pp. $15.95. Clearly written and covers a wide area but

THE EVIDENCE. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1981, 157+vii pp. $15.95. Clearly written and covers a wide area but hardly a truly critical work or a serious parapsychological effort. Moss, Peter, with Joe Keeton, ENCOUNTERS WITH THE PAST: HOW Mi\N CAN EXPERWlCE AND RELIVE HISTORY. Hannonsworth, 11iddlesex: Pe

Hannonsworth, 11iddlesex: Penguin Books, 1981. 233pp. 1.50 pounds. A popular audience book on past-life regression via hypnosis. Interesting case histories but neither scholarly nor science. Mull in, Raymond, 11I RAClES AND HAGI C: THE MIRACLES OF SPELLS OF SAINTS AND ~I ITCHES. London: 1,1o1·1bray,

1978, 300pp, No price given, A survey of miracle literature concentrating on the medieval but ranging over immense territory. An excellent scholarly but entertaining survey. Nefser, Ulrlc, editor, MEMORY OOSERVED: REMEt£ERING IN IIATURAL CONTEXTS. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman, 1982. 433+xiif pp. $12.

1982. 433+xiif pp. $12.50 paperback. An excellent scholarly collection emphasizing the need to study memory as it works in nonlaboratory setttings. Highly relevant to anomalies research since human testimony needs to be examined light of what we know of the fallible character of memory. Newton-Smith

$24.50. A quite remarkable and encyclopedi survey of the sociology-anthropology of magi evidencing eruditicn and first-class srholarship. Should be read by a11 sociologists 1'iith a concern for belief systems and a better understanding of the role of.magic in social life. Highly re~p_mmende~. Pari s

Books, 1981. 275+xi pp, 1.50 pounds, paperback. An interesting but unconvincing account of an alleged poltergeist, Randi, James, FUr) FLAI-l! PSV:CHICS, ESP, UNICORNS AND OTHER DELUSIONS. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus, 1982. 342 pp. $9.95 paperback. A new edition with minor changes from the earlier hardbo

pp. $9.95 paperback. A new edition with minor changes from the earlier hardbook. The book's reprinting is heralded as necessitated by publishers' bias towards paranormal books, ignoring the great many anti-occult books including ones published by this book's original publisher. Unfortunately, Randi

pp. $24.95 . . Of special interest for ZS readers because two papers in this collection deal with the use of psychics by police agencies. Both experiments used control groups and shov1ed negative but revealing results. Richards, John Thomas, SORRAT: A HISTORY OF THE NEIHARDT PSYCHOKINESIS EXPERIMENT

NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1982. 356pp. $17.50, A description of the macro-PK claims of the Society for Research on Rapport and Telekinesis in Missouri. These claims have made little positive impression on either parapsychologists or critics. Scientifically just about worthless and I felt after getttng in

$17.95. A general review of the psychokinesis literature which is thoroughly uncritical but entertainingly written and good for introducing the novice to a wide literature. Ruse, Michael, DARHINHiM DEFENDED: A GUIE TO THE EVOLUTION CONTROVERSIES. Reading, f~A: Addison~Wesley, 1982, 356+xvii pp. $12.

1982, 356+xvii pp. $12.50 paperback. A vigorous defense of Darwinist thought including a perhaps too strong attack on the Creationists. in that he would ~!~l_ly__exclude such ideas from the science curriculum, Surely if their ideas are as stupid as Rus_e_ craims, teaching science students to see thr

Tarcher, 1981. 229pp. $12.95. A controversial theory of "morphogenic fields" which shape the shapes and instinct~ of living organisms through "morphic resonance" --direct connections across both space and time, An unorthodox approach to evolution which is currently undergoing empirical testing and w

1982. 23lpp. $70,00, A hardbound volume integrating the supplemental information formerly available in the Occultism Update volumes issued to supplement this encyclopedia. Full indexing and cross-referencing is included. Par·ticu1arly valuable for its many address to minor and specialized journals.

FEATURES GODEL'S GREAT DISCOVERY, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982. 226tix pp. $13.95. A 1-1onderful new collection of puzzles for those interested in logic and seeming anomalies. ~1any of the problems involve strange creatures with unusual characteristics, Thought provoking recreations. Solomon, Jack an

collection of puzzles for those interested in logic and seeming anomalies. ~1any of the problems involve strange creatures with unusual characteristics, Thought provoking recreations. Solomon, Jack and Olivia, compilers, GHOSTS AND GOOSEBUMPS: GHOST STORIES, TALL TALES, AND SUPERSTITIONS FRON ALABAM

FRON ALABAMA. University: University of Alabama Pt·ess, 1981. 202+xii pp. $18.95, A splendid folklore collection of regional materials. Entertaining lore. Sontag, Frederick, and N. Darrol Bryant, editors, GOD: THE CONTEMPORARY DISCUSSION. N.Y.: Rose of Sharon Press, 1982. 419+vi pp. $12.95. The Unif

1982. 144pp. $14.95. A "practical" rather than scientific guide to dowsing in which quite extravagant claims are made for dowsing's use fn health and ~isease diagnosis, archaeology, and with maps and photographs rather than actual sites. Basically a "how-to" book. ~lilber, Ken, editor, THE HOLOGRAPH

Theologtcal Seminary (distributed by Rose of Sharon Press), 1981. 236+xix pp. $10.95. A very interesting collection with some excellent papers. I found "The Rise and Decline of Transcendent~ 111 Meditiation" by BainbridC'e and Jackson of special interest. Wilson, Colin, FRANKENSTEIN'S CASTLE: THE RI

Press, 1980, 128pp, 2,95 pounds. A somewhat rambling discourse on harnassing the forces of the right side of the brain. Wtlson seems unaware of the critical work in this area. Nonetheless, Wilson brings in all sorts of interesting literary and philosophical material as well as much personal anecdote

$14.95. Perhaps the wildest book on poltergeists in recent years since Wilson believes that the macro-PK theories are wrong and that we really are dealing with disembodied spirits in these cases. In addition to its "reactionary" viewpoint, ~ii1son also makes a number of factual errors. Essentially a

Cambridge University Press, 1981. 373+ox pp. $14.95. A collection of essays, manv of them radio talks on many aspects of the sociology of science. Many of the essays should be ~f great interest to ZS readers, Among these would be "Some Pathologies of the Scientific Life," "Some Manifestations of Sci

Heinemann, 1982, .178+xii pp. 8,50 pounds. I found this pro-precognition book quite impressive. The.author recog~1ze~ that the evidence she marshall would not convince an independent ranel of dislnterested sc1ent1 sts for the ''controlled production of precognitive data under repeatable experimental

. A CSAR REPORT Announcements Of the fOrmation of CSAR appeared in ZS#8 and ZS#9. Readers interested in details about its functions should see those announcements or can write to CSAR (address below) for information. The CSAR DIRECTORY OF CONSULTANTS is now underway. About 100 experts on various pha

SCIENCE CONSULTNJ.TS George 0. Abell - Theodore X. Barber - Daryl J. Bem - Mario Bunge - Persi Diaconis - Eric J. Dingwall - Gerald L. Eberlein - Hans J. Eysenck - Paul Feyerabend- I.J. Good- Morris Goran - Bernard Heuvelmans - Ray Hyman - J. Allen Hynek - Roberg G. Jahn - Martin Johnson - Richard K

George 0. Abell - Theodore X. Barber - Daryl J. Bem - Mario Bunge - Persi Diaconis - Eric J. Dingwall - Gerald L. Eberlein - Hans J. Eysenck - Paul Feyerabend- I.J. Good- Morris Goran - Bernard Heuvelmans - Ray Hyman - J. Allen Hynek - Roberg G. Jahn - Martin Johnson - Richard Kammann - John Pa lmer

Milbourne Christopher -.William R. Corliss- George Eberhardt- Peter Haining- Michael Harrison- Robert Lund- J. Gordon r1e1ton- Robert J.M. Rickard- Leslie Shepard- Rhea White GOALS OF THE CENTER *To advance the interdisciplinary scientific study of alleged and verified

RICHARD DE MILLE PERSI DIACONIS MARTIN EBON ROBERT GALBREATH MICHEL GAUOUELIN

C.E.M. HANSEL BERNARD HEUVELMANS ELLI C HOWE J, ALLEN HYNEK DAVID M. JACOBS

.~UGUST 1983 Copyrf ght @ 19fD by Mar cello Truzzi ZETETIC SCHOLAR is published by Marcello Truzzf and is the official journal of the Center for Scientff1c Anomalies Research. The opinions expressed in this journal do not necessarily represent those of the Center. All

On the 11 Mars Effect 11 Controversy .................................. 23 PIET HEIN HOEBENS Some Further Reflections on the Mars Effect Affair •••••••••••••••• 25 HANS J. EYSENCK The Mars Effect and Its Evaluation •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 29

The Mars Effect and Its Evaluation •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 29 Reply (by MARCELLO TRUZZI) ....................................... 33 NEW ZS VIALOGUE GERD H. HOVELMANN Seven Recommendations for the Future Practice of Parapsycho1ogy ••• 128

Seven Recommendations for the Future Practice of Parapsycho1ogy ••• 128 Critical Commentaries By: JOHN BEL OFF ••••••••.•••••.•••••• 139 SUSAN J. BLACKMORE •••••••••••• 141 H. J. EYS EN CK •••••••••••••••••• 143

H. J. EYS EN CK •••••••••••••••••• 143 PI ET HEIN HOEB ENS ............. 145 BRlAN INGLIS •••••••••••••••••• 147 JURGEN KEll ••••••••••••••••••• 148 STANLEY KRIPPNER .............. l51

BRlAN INGLIS •••••••••••••••••• 147 JURGEN KEll ••••••••••••••••••• 148 STANLEY KRIPPNER .............. l51 MORTON LEEDS .................. 154 WALTER V. LUCAOOU ••••••••••••• 155

MORTON LEEDS .................. 154 WALTER V. LUCAOOU ••••••••••••• 155 GERALO C. MERTENS ••••••••••••• 157 ROBERT L. MORRIS .............. l60 CARROLL B. NASH ••••••••••••••• 162

GERALO C. MERTENS ••••••••••••• 157 ROBERT L. MORRIS .............. l60 CARROLL B. NASH ••••••••••••••• 162 IRMGARO OEPEN •••••••••••• 163 JOHN PALMF.R .............. 164

ROBERT L. MORRIS .............. l60 CARROLL B. NASH ••••••••••••••• 162 IRMGARO OEPEN •••••••••••• 163 JOHN PALMF.R .............. 164 T.J. PINCH ••••••••••••••• 166

CARROLL B. NASH ••••••••••••••• 162 IRMGARO OEPEN •••••••••••• 163 JOHN PALMF.R .............. 164 T.J. PINCH ••••••••••••••• 166 STEVEN M. ROSEN •••••••••• l68

JOHN PALMF.R .............. 164 T.J. PINCH ••••••••••••••• 166 STEVEN M. ROSEN •••••••••• l68 GERTRUOE SCHMEIDLER •••••• 172 DOUGLAS M. STOKES •••••••• l73

GERTRUOE SCHMEIDLER •••••• 172 DOUGLAS M. STOKES •••••••• l73 CHRISTOPHER SCOTT •••••••• l76 ULRI CH TI Mtt ............. 1 77 JF.ROME TORACYK ••••••••.•• l78

DOUGLAS M. STOKES •••••••• l73 CHRISTOPHER SCOTT •••••••• l76 ULRI CH TI Mtt ............. 1 77 JF.ROME TORACYK ••••••••.•• l78 RH EA VI HI TF: • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 180

CHRISTOPHER SCOTT •••••••• l76 ULRI CH TI Mtt ............. 1 77 JF.ROME TORACYK ••••••••.•• l78 RH EA VI HI TF: • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 180 LEONARD ZUSNE •••••••••••• 182

ULRI CH TI Mtt ............. 1 77 JF.ROME TORACYK ••••••••.•• l78 RH EA VI HI TF: • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 180 LEONARD ZUSNE •••••••••••• 182 EXCHANGES & CONTINUING DIALOGUES

RH EA VI HI TF: • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 180 LEONARD ZUSNE •••••••••••• 182 EXCHANGES & CONTINUING DIALOGUES MI CHAEL t1ARTIN More on Oefininq 11 111='0" •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 34

EXCHANGES & CONTINUING DIALOGUES MI CHAEL t1ARTIN More on Oefininq 11 111='0" •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 34 J. ALLEN HYNEK Reply to Professor t1arti n •••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 36

MI CHAEL t1ARTIN More on Oefininq 11 111='0" •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 34 J. ALLEN HYNEK Reply to Professor t1arti n •••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 36 JOHN PALMER

More on Oefininq 11 111='0" •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 34 J. ALLEN HYNEK Reply to Professor t1arti n •••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 36 JOHN PALMER In Defense of Parapsychology: A Reply to James E. Alcock •••••••••• 39

Science, Psychology, and Parapsychology: A Reply to Pa1mer ••••••••••••••••••.••.•••••.•••••••••••••••••.•••••••• 71 JOHN PAU~ER A Rep 1y to Dr. A1cock. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 91 JAMES E. ALCOCK

A Rep 1y to Dr. A1cock. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 91 JAMES E. ALCOCK A Final Note ••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•...•••.••••••••••••••••••• l04 RON WESTRUM Crypto-Science Rides Af!ain: A Reply to My Commentators ............ 109

CSAR REPORT •••••• : ••••.•••••••••••.••••••••••••••••.•••••••.•••••. 193 BOOK REVIEWS Immanuel Velikovsky's Sta!Lgaze/IA and GJtave.cU..ggeM (HENRY H. BAUER) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 185 Danny Korem and Pau 1 Mei er's The. Fak10u: Expf.oJt-~ng the.

JEROME CL.ARK The nadir of my career as a Fortean was reached in 1973 when I was researching and writing an article which subsequently appeared in Fate. The article was later incorporated into the text of The unldentified, a book coauthored by Loren Coleman, who is otherwise

AN UNEXPLAINED SCIENTIFIC ANOMALY RICHARD KAMMANN March 10, 1982. Dunedin, New Zealand. Radio Station 4ZB. Host: Phi1 Henry. Guest: Emory Royce. Time: 10.56 a.m. HENRY: You have shown up to have some psychic abilities yourself. Do

RICHARD KAMMANN March 10, 1982. Dunedin, New Zealand. Radio Station 4ZB. Host: Phi1 Henry. Guest: Emory Royce. Time: 10.56 a.m. HENRY: You have shown up to have some psychic abilities yourself. Do you have any predictions that you think will come true, and that you

The Soviet President, Leonid I. Brezhnev has died, the official Soviet news agency Tass reported yesterday. November 15, 1982. Host: John Jones. Dunedin, New Zealand. Radio Station 4ZB.

(Top level discussions with a third overseas company to join the project.) Feb 25 SMELTER STILL GOING AHEAD (A commitment from a new third partner is on the verge of being made.)

(A commitment from a new third partner is on the verge of being made.) Mar 10 SMELTER GROUP STILL CONFIDENT (date of radio interview) Mar 31 POWER PRICE ONLY PROBLEM The first signs of a reversal did not occur until late April ..

Mar 31 POWER PRICE ONLY PROBLEM The first signs of a reversal did not occur until late April .. Apr 23 SMELTER POWER PRICE REJECTED This was followed by a quiet period. Jun 16 ALL EXCEPT PRICE (is agreed to)

The first signs of a reversal did not occur until late April .. Apr 23 SMELTER POWER PRICE REJECTED This was followed by a quiet period. Jun 16 ALL EXCEPT PRICE (is agreed to) And then the final collapse.

This was followed by a quiet period. Jun 16 ALL EXCEPT PRICE (is agreed to) And then the final collapse. POWER OFFER TOO LOW SMELTER PROJECT APPEARS DOOMED

And then the final collapse. POWER OFFER TOO LOW SMELTER PROJECT APPEARS DOOMED It took four more months for the government to abandon its official optimism. Oct 19 SMELTER UNLIKELY

SMELTER PROJECT APPEARS DOOMED It took four more months for the government to abandon its official optimism. Oct 19 SMELTER UNLIKELY Since then, the smelter has dropped out of the news and is history. We may be tempted to say that either there will or will not be (yes or no) a

It took four more months for the government to abandon its official optimism. Oct 19 SMELTER UNLIKELY Since then, the smelter has dropped out of the news and is history. We may be tempted to say that either there will or will not be (yes or no) a smelter and that Royce therefore had a 50-50 chance o

Since then, the smelter has dropped out of the news and is history. We may be tempted to say that either there will or will not be (yes or no) a smelter and that Royce therefore had a 50-50 chance of being correct, but given the prevailing knowledge at the time, the smelter seemed highly probable, s

a leading Cabinet Minister resigned from the cabinet yesterday rather than compromise his personal standard of honesty. He made it clear he felt unable to accept an ultimatum from the Rt. Hon. R.D. Muldoon to apologize for his controversial speech on the Government's growth strategy, and had effecti

One of the special qualities of the Zetetic Scholar and CSAR, I feel, is the effort to look at both sides of the paranormal debate, and to recognize scientific anomalies that merit further study. I was involved in this case at a very early stage and expected the predictions to receive no more than a

-----~-------------- ' '\;;E' -poSITioN Of Qv" CHu~C\i ~Et'IAIN S 0 1'f:'N .1\"'D ~tEKs '\0 RE FAIR-Mfi'-JPt\) Tt>'-'ARD$ ALt. l>¥\"R1l E'> ll" Tt\e ~,A'-'' {;;f?f'"ECT

'\0 RE FAIR-Mfi'-JPt\) Tt>'-'ARD$ ALt. l>¥\"R1l E'> ll" Tt\e ~,A'-'' {;;f?f'"ECT CDrv"'''tPVE~::Y. w~:· ONLY T>EMAt"D

ALt. l>¥\"R1l E'> ll" Tt\e ~,A'-'' {;;f?f'"ECT CDrv"'''tPVE~::Y. w~:· ONLY T>EMAt"D

CURRY ON CSICOP'S "REAPPRAISAL 11 RE THE MARS EFFECT I am writing about a point related to my article in ZS 9, 11 Research on the Mars Effect. 11 Your readers will be aware that noneof the principals in the CSICOP replied to or commented on my article, despite the fairly serious and documented charg

I am writing about a point related to my article in ZS 9, 11 Research on the Mars Effect. 11 Your readers will be aware that noneof the principals in the CSICOP replied to or commented on my article, despite the fairly serious and documented charges therein. The main reason -- apart from irrelevant

As an original, albeit necessarily remote and inactive Fellow of the CSICOP, who is now due to be spending several months of the present and the next five years on this side of the Atlantic, I believe it is time for me to say that I can no longer resist the conviction that CSICOP has made a dreadful

Vltll H-\Ve Tb tMPL.<JY OVR StCRt f VJEA?()N .... \'iORSE LAUGH ~ [ M. Gardner & P. Kurtz ]

VJEA?()N .... \'iORSE LAUGH ~ [ M. Gardner & P. Kurtz ]

[ M. Gardner & P. Kurtz ] -- Piet Hein Hoebens SOME FURTHER REFLECTIONS ON THE MARS EFFECT AFFAIR

ON THE MARS EFFECT AFFAIR PIET HEIN HOEBENS In spite of several appeals for a truce,the controversy over the so-called Mars Effect shows few signs of abating. The five part Mars Effect section in ZS#lO has raised a number of important

PIET HEIN HOEBENS In spite of several appeals for a truce,the controversy over the so-called Mars Effect shows few signs of abating. The five part Mars Effect section in ZS#lO has raised a number of important questions. The Editor has specifically invited persons associated

I wish to conclude with a somewhat quixotic suggestion. The Mars Effect affair has raised questions about CSICOP's credibility. The Committee, on its part, has protested its bona fides--and has publicly corrected at least some of the major mistakes. Doubts about CSICOP's ulterior intentions, however

[ R. Kammann & Po Kurtz ] -- Piet Hein Hoebens THE MARS EFFECT AND ITS EVALUATION

Truzzi (1982), in his interesting "Personal Reflections on the Mars Effect Controversy, 11 raises a number of questions which are independent of his dismissal of many of the criticisms made by CSICOP. It would be difficult to disagree with Truzzi on these points, and we may regard these criticisms a

MI CHAEL MARTIN Dr. J. Allen Hynek in 11 Defining the UFO: Semantics on the Rampage 11 (ZS #11} and one letter by Jenny Randles and another by Hilary Evans (ZS # 10) comment on my paper 11 Defininq UF0 11 (ZS # 9). I will first comment on Hynek's paper and then on the two letters.

Dr. Marcello Truzzi, editor of the Zetetic Scholar, asked me some time ago to comment on Michael Mart1n's article in that magazine [#9], "Defining UFO." Martin spent some 2500 words wrestling with this problem. Jenny Randles and Hilary Evans have already published their comments, both very much to t

A REPLY TO JAMES E. ALCOCK JOHN PAU1ER 1 Parapsychologv~ Science or Magic? (Alcock, 1981) is the latest in a series of books by members (or ex-members) of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP)

JOHN PAU1ER 1 Parapsychologv~ Science or Magic? (Alcock, 1981) is the latest in a series of books by members (or ex-members) of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) attempting to discredit parapsychological research, which according to

Parapsychologv~ Science or Magic? (Alcock, 1981) is the latest in a series of books by members (or ex-members) of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) attempting to discredit parapsychological research, which according to Alcock's system of belief is no

If Alcock's book has one major theme, i t is that parapsychologists behave more like magicians (in the occult sense of the term) than scientists. This theme is immediately evident in the title. Even the earlier chapters, which present much useful discussion about various ways people can deceive them

Alcock could concede every point I raised in Part I and still argue that there is no evidence for psi. In Part II, I will focus more directly on Alcock's case .:1gainst the existence of psychic phenomena. A. What Constitutes Evidence for Psi? Before \ve can decide what kind of case Alcock makes agai

A. Metaphysics and Intolerance Science is supposed to be a process in which its practitioners observe nature in as unbiased .1 manner as possible, develop theories to economically and satisfyingly explain those observations, predict new observations from the theories, and finally either modify the

I think both the most :1ccurate and the most important thing we can say about whatever it is that parapsychologists study is that it is an enigma. l aLso think it is an important enigma for science to address. If the interpretations of most parapsychologists are anywhere near correct, the theoretica

A REPLY TO DR. PALMER JAHES E. ALCOCK Although I did not expect any accolades from Dr. Palmer, quite frankly somewhat taken aback by the tone of his review.

JAHES E. ALCOCK Although I did not expect any accolades from Dr. Palmer, quite frankly somewhat taken aback by the tone of his review. if the description he applies to

Although I did not expect any accolades from Dr. Palmer, quite frankly somewhat taken aback by the tone of his review. if the description he applies to

Palmer suggests that I that parapsychologists behave more like magicians than scientists. With regard to the "magic:" of

FOR US TO BE AWARE OF IT IN OURSELVES.'' (p.59, emphasis I admit that this applies to me, Dr. Palmer.

I admit that this applies to me, Dr. Palmer. that it might apply to you as well? We individually like

.L ,!!LII•: !4UE:t.iUfi!E. (1!'-JD DOE:b

Dr. Pal mer ta.kes issue w1 th my sta.tement that "the bulk of the parapsychological literature continues to reflect an obsession with tv·yi nq to demonstr·ate that ps;i ucc:u.1-s (p. l42)." argues that I have systematically failed to discuss research

As I have already discuused above, I pointed out in my book that "Leading pc.ir-apsychologists disagl'.f'!f? amonq t.tlt:'!msel'v'es. Some, sucl-1 as Adrien Parker and John Deloff, are almost as critical as the most critical skeptics.

Dr. Palmer begins his discussion of the exper1menter effect by apparently affirming the need for falsifiable hypotheses in He then tackles my argument that parapsychology seeps with unfalsifiability.

"I'KlF!''1(~L" E :X:F'l.JiN{iT I UI,E3',· th.::1.t. pa,··aps;·y··chol.ogi~;;ts:; C)ften do not: t".ir-ini;;J 1..1.p normal explanations in the d1scussion sections of thf2ir- p2:1.,.J\c?Y'"'3.

th.::1.t. pa,··aps;·y··chol.ogi~;;ts:; C)ften do not: t".ir-ini;;J 1..1.p normal explanations in the d1scussion sections of thf2ir- p2:1.,.J\c?Y'"'3. The I''"E.?a.c;ori, rle hc.•s; hf2 qa.JJ. to"'"\\ . :i.·c-:· the:-..t ''i:.l'"if.'

AD HOMINEM ATTACKS I stand accused of Mc:Carthy1sm' Not becaus0 I have qone about getting people fired from their jobs. not becAuse I want to use

I stand accused of Mc:Carthy1sm' Not becaus0 I have qone about getting people fired from their jobs. not becAuse I want to use t h e ,.- u l f? of

to say here. Parapsychological rarely make reference to skeptical viewpoints or articles.

I had to say tn my' book h.:::\~; not: been t?ffectivf:?lV C:i""!i:\ller·lL!•:2r:i He states that he agrees with most of what I had

anything disappoints me about Dr. Palmer's reading of it is his commf?nt in this St?C::tinn about my- "tor-t.uou.s

ESTABLISHED psi effect.'' So, Palmer implies, Schmidt simply reported a departure from chance and then speculated "theory" (whi eh~ pr·ay tell?) to p<Ji nt to the

So, Palmer implies, Schmidt simply reported a departure from chance and then speculated "theory" (whi eh~ pr·ay tell?) to p<Ji nt to the cockroach as the cause of the statistical departure,

Palmer•s definition of psi is a rather curious one. psi is only defined in the way that he does in this instance, then it is much easier to argue that psi exists, for he equates it to a statistically significant departure of

am runn1ng out of energy, through Dr. diatribe, and so my comments shall be shorter and fewer from here on inJ. Dr. Palmer uses

c _i_ul drc•n of competing theories about nature.

My view of this is simple: Either psi exists or it does not. If it does then any science which denies it is at the very least incomplete. If it does not~ then a great deal of time, energy,

I am extremely disappointed by the tone of Dr. Palmer•s review, disappointed

Braude,S.E. The observational

New York: Plenum, 1978. S. l<r·ippner· E§~£h9tin~§i§·

JOHN PALMER Dr. Alcock's reply features the second of the three rhetorical characteristics I had ascribed to ·his book: "Rh.etorical hyperbole camouflaging specious or vacuous arguments" (p. 31). The emphasis this time is on 11 vacuous". It is fair enough for him to try to score

Dr. Alcock wastes no time launching into his favorite theme, the "magical beliefs" of parapsychologists. Allright, let's talk about "events occurring on the simple basis of one having wished them" (p."t2,.). let's pretend for a moment that parapsychology has come of age. Assume that conditions have

It is not clear from his reply whether Dr. Alcock wishes to stand by his statement that "The bulk of the parapsychological literature continues to reflect an obsession with trying to demonstrate that psi occurstt (p.7~). In any event, he takes a significant step in undermining this claim when he ref

Dr. Alcock is obviously eager to get back at me for my nastiness, and what better way than to take a few shots at my Presidential Address to the Parapsychological Association, in which I was brash enough to suggest that quantum physics might have some relevance to parapsychology. He quotes several s

The first sentence of my section on "Criticisn \-lithin Parapsychology" ( p .li~) begins, "Alcock c.oncedes that parapsychologists do criticize each other's work •.. " Dr. Alcock notes in his rebuttal that "I did not suggest that parapsychology lacks criticism" (p.7'1). He thus answers a charge I di

It is amusing to see that Dr. Alcock had to go all the way back to 1938 to dig up a quote to more or less support his contention that parapsychologists abuse the exper.imenter effect ( EE). The rest of his discussion on this subject is sheer obscurantism. TI1ere is a big difference between a.), simp

On p.13, Dr. Alcock quotes and then attacks several sentences of mine on p.56, where I argue that formal control conditions might not be the most appropriate way to deal with all kinds of experimental artifacts. I can see that standing naked these statements might look like an apologia for sloppy me

I obviously struck a nerve with my reference to Sen. McCarthy. Of course, any analogy breaks down if it is pushed far enough, but I think this one still has merit. If Puthoff 's employer took the logic of Dr. Alcock's "skeptical approach" seriously, he would fire Puthoff on the spot as unqualified t

Of course! Critics have to refer to the literature they criticize in order to criticize it. Summing it up in a reading list (as Dr. Alcock did) is nice, but hardly proof of objectivity. If he is referring to something more, it is not clear from his remarks. ISSUE 10: STATISTICS AND FALSIFIABILITY

If I have missed the point of Dr. Alcock's exercise in logic, I must confess that I am still missing it. I thought I had addressed his arguments in my paper, and the complete lack of any reference to these remarks in his reply makes me ~onder if he missed my points. He begins by noting on p.tH that

Given all Dr. Alcock's blustering both in his book and in his reply about parapsychologists wanting to change the rules of evidence (which I deny), it is noteworthy to see him propose that more rigor must be applied in evaluating psi experiments than research in more orthodox areas. In his book, he

Dr. Alcock apparently lacked the "energy" to meaningfully address any of the philosophical points I raised in Part Ill of my paper, but he seemed to have plenty of energy when it came to my charges that he opposes open-minded inquiry in this area. First of all, to avoid any possible misunderstanding

Dr. Alcock was obviously offended by the tone of my paper, but he refuses to take any responsibility for his own rhetoric which provoked that tone. His "sel f-defensen consists of selected quotes from other reviews of his book. Barry Singer writes, for example, that "There is no sarcasm and belittle

Alcock, J. E. PARAPSYCHOLOGY: SCIENCE Ok MAGIC? London: Pergamon, 1981 Alcock, J. E., & Otis, L. P. Critical thLlking and belief in the paranormal. PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS, 1980, 46, 479-482. Beloff, J. Seven evidential experiments. ZETETIC SCHOLAR, 1980, 1(6), McBain, \v. N., Fox, W., Kimura, S., Nak

Alcock, J. E., & Otis, L. P. Critical thLlking and belief in the paranormal. PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS, 1980, 46, 479-482. Beloff, J. Seven evidential experiments. ZETETIC SCHOLAR, 1980, 1(6), McBain, \v. N., Fox, W., Kimura, S., Nakanishi, M., & Ti.rado, J. Quasi-sensory communication: &1 investigation

Beloff, J. Seven evidential experiments. ZETETIC SCHOLAR, 1980, 1(6), McBain, \v. N., Fox, W., Kimura, S., Nakanishi, M., & Ti.rado, J. Quasi-sensory communication: &1 investigation using semantic matching and accentuated affect. JOURNAL OF PE~SONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1970, 14, 281-291.

Osis, K. ESP tests at long and short distances • .{QURNAL OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY, 1956, 20, 81-95. Palmer, J. On putting r.• he cart before the horse. Paper delivered at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, New Orleans, September, 1974.

Palmer, J. On putting r.• he cart before the horse. Paper delivered at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, New Orleans, September, 1974. Palmer, J. Parapsychology as a probabilistic science: Facing the implications. In 1~. G. Roll (Ed.), RESEARCH IN PARAPSYCHOLOGY

1979. Metuchen, N. J.: Scarecrow Press, 1980. Stanford, R. G. Is scientific parapsychology possible? Some thoughts on James E. Alcock's PARAPSYCHOLOGY: SCIENCE OR HAGIC? JOURNAL OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY, 1983, 47, in press. Zusne, L., & Jones, W. H. AN(}1ALISTIC PSYCHOLOGY. Hillsdale, N. J.:

Zusne, L., & Jones, W. H. AN(}1ALISTIC PSYCHOLOGY. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaun, 1982. Should Dr. Alcock ever wish to join this group, l would be delighted to let bygones be bygones.

Lawrence Erlbaun, 1982. Should Dr. Alcock ever wish to join this group, l would be delighted to let bygones be bygones.

JAMES E. ALCOCK I am very disappointed that Dr. Palmer found it necessary to continue the same abusive tone that characterized his earlier response. Since readers who have any further interest in my ideas can turn directly to my book, or to the reviews I referred to in my first response to Dr. Palme

COMPILED BY MARCELLO TRUZZI* That so 1e is no tougher than mine. That's no tougher than mine,and yet the man can do it. I don't think I could. u A6teJr. .6eeA..ng walk c.ompte;ted: "I don't know. It's got me buffaloed- Well, what I've seen is most impressive."

A REPLY TO MY COMMENTATORS RON WESTRUM When I wrote "Crypto-Science and Social Intelligence About Anomalies!! I was preparing it for a conference on the demarcation between science and pseudo-science at Virginia Tech. At this conference! I knew, many astute

RON WESTRUM When I wrote "Crypto-Science and Social Intelligence About Anomalies!! I was preparing it for a conference on the demarcation between science and pseudo-science at Virginia Tech. At this conference! I knew, many astute and sensible arguments about what science really was would be advance

GERD H. HOVELW'\NN The purpose.of this paper is to recommend a few strategies parapsychologists should take into consideration in their future attempts to obtain legitimacy and recognition by 11 normal" science. Some of my recommendations will, presumably, be no news to many parapsychologists; by of

The purpose.of this paper is to recommend a few strategies parapsychologists should take into consideration in their future attempts to obtain legitimacy and recognition by 11 normal" science. Some of my recommendations will, presumably, be no news to many parapsychologists; by offering some other,

I enjoyed reading H6velmann 1 s Recommendations, and they all set me thinking but two stood out; one because I so much agree and the other because I disagree. I shall comment on just these two and add a recommedation of my own. I wholeheartedly endorse the suggestion that we give up calling ourselve

nsome Doubts about the H~velmann Recommendations" Hovelmann's recorrunendations appear to be reasonable on first sight but need to be scrutinised more closely before they are endorsed too enthusiastically. In general terms there is the difficulty that Hovelmann does not clearly distinguish between

Abandon the revolutionary outlook. There is a difference among revolutionary outlook, revolutionary menas and revolutionary implications of one's work and endeavors. Hovelmann's recommendation is to abandon the revolutionary outlook. Some workers have this, many do not. None utlilize revolutionary m

When I read through Hovelmann's recommendations the first time, I thought that it is easy to agree with every point; and I was especially pleased with the provocative style of his presentation because I believed that it could awake some parapsychologists (especially in Germany). But later I became w

A mssing Recommendation, but Right On! 11 Truzzi 1 proposed a Hard Line Continuum" in reference to the various stands taken on the paranormal. I have attempted to illustrate this continuum below, as well as adding others in. Those in the (parentheses) I have added:

M1~. Hovelmann's recommendations can be considered both individually and collectively, and I will do the former. ~~~- In pri nci pl e I agree. Researchers of whatever sort who describe their \vork as revolutionary generally sound a bit 1 ike TV hucksters talking about a revolutionary new detergent.

As chairman of the session at the Parapsychological Association in which Gerd Hovelmann presented his paper, my comments to his seven recommendations are as follows. (1) While parapsychology is not an attempt to revolutionize science, it may, nevertheless, have that effect by establishing in conjunc

[Prof. dr. med. Irmgard Oepen (Forensic Medicine, University of Marburg), with Prof. dr. med. Otto Prokop the best known German sceptic in matters relating to 11 0ccu1t medicine," regrets that her tight academic schedule does not permH her to accept Professor Truzzi's kind invitation to contribute a

The object of HBvelmann's seven recommendations is to obtain "legitimacy and recognition" for parapsychology from "normal science. The first comment that must be made is that by the very act of setting-up any institutional mechanisms for "Parapsychology Aid" (I include here the activities of consult

Gerd Hovelmann argues that the future su-ccess of parapsychology depends on our rigid adherence to the standards of scientific orthodoxy. We are admonished by Jfavelmann to be "more papal than the Pope" in this regard, if we wish to win acceptance for our field and ourselves. In my opinion, the rath

Havelmann is severe. He argues for conservative statements and scrupulous attention to facts (and surely this advice is sound). But he also appears to argue against exploring unmapped areas. It is true that such exploration may lead nowhere, but sometimes it can lead to important discovery. If he in

Gerd Hovelmann's comments are well thought out and reasonable in tone. I am pleased to see that, although he adopts a critical stance, he does not divorce himself completely from the field he is criticizing, calling parapsychology "our field" and using the pronoun "we" to include himself among the p

I am very pleased to recognize in Hovelmann's recommendations some of those principles which I have always regarded as self-evident for sound empirical scientific research. I further believe that all parapsychologists who have a proper scientific training and who are prepared to treat parapsychology

Hovelmann proposes se~ew·recommendations for facilitating the acceptance and recognition· Qf parapsychology by "normal 11 science. Six of these recommendation's appear to concern pa rapsycho 1ogi sts conforming to formal char~cteristics of science, while a seventh,

In his comment on his first recommendation, Hi:ivelmann says parapsychologists should not call themselves revolutionary because they have adopted from the established sciences the rigid application of orthodox scientific research methods. I do not think that parapsychologists consider their methodol

It is true: parapsychologists have been guilty of all the things H6velmann•s recommendations are directed against. If they would only mend their public ways, improve their manner of self-presentation, then assuredly a more favorable recognition on the part of orthodox science would be forthcoming.

YOU RENEWED YOUR StBSCRIPTION TO ZETETIC SCHOLAR? BOOK REVIEWS Stargazers and Gravediggers. By Immanuel Velikovsky. New York, 1983. 346 pp. $14.95.

Bauer, Eberhard, and Walter von Lucadou, eds., SPEKTRUM NER PARAPSYCHOLOGIE. Freiburg im Briesgau: Aurum Verlag, 19R3. 253pp. No price indicated, paperback. A festschrift for leading r:erman parapsychologist Hans Bender on his 75th birthday. An excellent, thoufjh uneven as are most festschrifts, com

paperback. A very interesting study comparing apparition reports with UFO contact reports and a consideration of the magical thinking often involved. Recommended. Brannigan, Augustin, THE SOCIAL BASIS OF SCIENTIFIC OISCOVERIES. New York: Cambridge llniversity Press, 19ill. 212+xi pp. t9.SO Bylinsky,

1983. 202+xiii pp. $30.00, Over 300 studies by historians, philosophers, psychologists, and sociologists of science, BOX of which are annotated, plus an int~ductory essay qiving perspective. Not exhaustive but a selected bibliography including even presented papers as well as normal publications. ~u

1983, 344+xiv pp. $25.00. A remarkable bibliography, this volume is a must for anyone interested in cryptozooloqy, folklore of exotic animals, etc. 4,450 items located by Eberhart with excellent short introductory essays for the various categories. A most welcome volume. lii~blx_Recommende4. Ferrucc

$18.95. A very important book by a leading proponent of the authenticity of survival evidence, presented in a ca1·eful and reasonable fashion despite the highly controversial character of the alleged phenomena. One can disagree with Gauld's conclusions (which are not dogmatically stated) but respect

1982. 432pp. $9.95 paperback. A revised edition of the 1980 work. A personal but fascinating anthropologicalpsychological integration viewing the whole realm of alternative medicines. Largely a philosophical rather than a scientific effort but covers much ground in sympathetic fashion that has start

This collection of six outstandinq review essays represent the state of the art in contemporary parapsycf.c;]ocu. No serious student of parapsycholoqy should be 1;ithout this series, ~nd in my own view the volumes ,,eem t•} be 9ettinq better each issue. l:lil}bJ,y_x:e.cmrunen.ded. Laudan, Rachel, ed

. leyington, Mass.: Ginn Custom Puhlishinq, 1q8'1. 64pp. No price indicated !hie is a compilation of papers dealing wHir conjuring an~ rsychology, includin9 seven ne'il short papers by Merte~s int~nded to innoculate students against "irrationality" in materials about the paranormal.~ usefuld compila

Roberts, David, GREAT EXPLORATION HOAXES. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. 1982. 1/!2!-x pp. $12.95. An important volume for anyone interested in the problem of fraud in science. Deserves far more attention than this book received. Rogo, D. Scott, LEAVING THE BODY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO ASTRAL PROJE

CENTER FOJC. The Center for Scientific Anomalies Research (CSAR) is a private center which brings together scholars and researchers concerned with furthering responsible scientific inquiry into and evaluation of claims of anomaiies and the paranormal. The Center will:

The Center for Scientific Anomalies Research (CSAR) is a private center which brings together scholars and researchers concerned with furthering responsible scientific inquiry into and evaluation of claims of anomaiies and the paranormal. The Center will: *Advance the interdisciplinary scientific st

* Promote dissemination of information about scientific anomaly *Sponsor conferences, lectures and symposia related to anomaly * Promote improved communi ea ti on between critics and proponents of scientific anomalies. The Director of CSAR is Dr. Marcello Truzzi, and its Associate Director

CSAR is a private Center whose policies and governance are under the control of its governing board. Members and Consultants thus do not control CSAR, but their suggestions and criticisms are always welcome by the governing board. There are a variety of associations individuals may have with CSAR. T

The CSAR DIRECTORY OF CONSULTANTSinvites qualified applicants. Our 9oal is to put together the most complete list of experts on anomalies anrl claims of the paranormal, and being listed in the DIRECTORY does not imply any association with CSAR. We want both critics and proponents for inclusion. If y

WILLIAM R. CORL! RICHARD DE M!LLE Zetetic Ruminations on Skepticism and Anomalies in Science ••••••••••• 7 JAMES ~ & RAY HYM!\N A Remote Viewing EKperiment Conducted by a Skeptic and a Believer••••• 21

MARTIN EBON ROBERT GALBREATH MICHEL GAUQUEL!N BERNARD HEUVELMANS

BERNARD HEUVELMANS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF CLAIMS OF ANOMALIES AHD THE PARANORMAL

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF CLAIMS OF ANOMALIES AHD THE PARANORMAL

ZETETIC SCHOLAR is IA"'"j'"'·'eu and is the official journal of the Center for Research. The opinions expressed in this journal do not necessarily represent those of the Center. All

and is the official journal of the Center for Research. The opinions expressed in this journal do not necessarily represent those of the Center. All im~hld].ng manuscripts,

A Constructlvely Rational Approach to Parapsychology and SCientific Methodology (Responses to My Commentators and Some Further Attempts at Clarificationl .................... . 110 Responses to: John Beloff (111), Susan J. Blackmore (114), Hans J. Eysenck (115), P.H. Hoebens (117), Brian

Chinese Parapsychology: Bibliography of English Language Items, Part II .......................................... 58 REiiUlAR ZS FEATURES EDI'IDRIAL .....•.•..•.•....•.••...•.•.••.••.•..•..••••.••..•.•..•..••••...•.. 3 RANDOM BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE OCCULT AND THE PARANORMAL, I & ll .............. 103

EDI'IDRIAL .....•.•..•.•....•.••...•.•.••.••.•..•..••••.••..•.•..•..••••...•.. 3 RANDOM BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE OCCULT AND THE PARANORMAL, I & ll .............. 103 &DK REVIEWS Trevor H. Hall's The Enigma of Daniel Home: Medium £.1C Fraud? (ERIC J. DINGWALL) ................................... 154

&DK REVIEWS Trevor H. Hall's The Enigma of Daniel Home: Medium £.1C Fraud? (ERIC J. DINGWALL) ................................... 154 Michel Gauquelin's Birth times (PIET HEIN HOEBENS) .................... 160 (GEDFFREY DEAN) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••• , • • • • • • • • • 162

Trevor H. Hall's The Enigma of Daniel Home: Medium £.1C Fraud? (ERIC J. DINGWALL) ................................... 154 Michel Gauquelin's Birth times (PIET HEIN HOEBENS) .................... 160 (GEDFFREY DEAN) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••• , • • • • • • • • • 162 Leonard Zusne and Wa

CN PSEUIX>-SKEPTICICISM Over the years, I have decried the misuse of the term "skeptic" when used to refer to all critics of anomaly claims. Alas, the label has been thus misapplied by both proponents and critics of the paranormal. Sometimes users of the

Over the years, I have decried the misuse of the term "skeptic" when used to refer to all critics of anomaly claims. Alas, the label has been thus misapplied by both proponents and critics of the paranormal. Sometimes users of the term have distinguishing between eo-called "soft" verus ''hard" skept

AND ANOMALIES IN SCIENCE Marcello Truzzi I . On Zeteticism When I first adopted the term zetetic to find an original name for a private newsletter dealing with sc~ent~fic perspectives on anomalies, I

Marcello Truzzi I . On Zeteticism When I first adopted the term zetetic to find an original name for a private newsletter dealing with sc~ent~fic perspectives on anomalies, I thought that archaic term would likely avoid controversy. That was eleven

CONDUCTED BY A SKEPTIC AND A BELIEVER James McClenon & Ray Hyman "Remote Viewing" is a term used to describe the alleged ability of one individual to "view" (mentally) the images perceived by a second individual who is at a separate (and remote) location. This ability may be considered

James McClenon & Ray Hyman "Remote Viewing" is a term used to describe the alleged ability of one individual to "view" (mentally) the images perceived by a second individual who is at a separate (and remote) location. This ability may be considered a form of extra-sensory perception since it hypothe

EXPOSED AS A HOAX And now for the explanation. two categories, major and minor. MAJOR METHOD pure chance (includes ambiguity)

And now for the explanation. two categories, major and minor. MAJOR METHOD pure chance (includes ambiguity) Richard Kamman

pure chance (includes ambiguity) Richard Kamman In the previous Zetetic Scholar ~aper (Kammann, 1983) I reported on the case of a New Zealand psychic who on March 10, 1982, correctly forecast four major events:

inside information data selection So central is the role of chance or coincidence here that removal of the other three methods might have made little overall difference to the final effect.

A LOOK AT BRITISH MEMBERSHIP Shirley Mclver Popular interest in reports of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) or flying saucers began at the end of World War Two, and since then, social scientistsl have largely been concerned to explain why people

Shirley Mclver Popular interest in reports of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) or flying saucers began at the end of World War Two, and since then, social scientistsl have largely been concerned to explain why people report seeing UFOs and why they believe them to be extra-terrestrial

COMPILED BY MARCELID TRUZZI General Books Barclay, Glen, ~OVer Matter: Beyond the Bounds of Nature. London: Pan Books, 1:""· Dong, Paul, The Four rajor Mysteries of Mainland China. Englewood

General Books Barclay, Glen, ~OVer Matter: Beyond the Bounds of Nature. London: Pan Books, 1:""· Dong, Paul, The Four rajor Mysteries of Mainland China. Englewood Cllffs, N.J.: Prent ce-Hall, 1984.

WITH EUSAPIA PALLADINO IN 1912 s. Alvarado Qi and Qi<JCO:J Hameroff, Stuart Roy, "Ch'i: A Neural Hologram? Microtubules, Bioholography, and Acupuncture," American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2, 1974, 163-170.

s. Alvarado Qi and Qi<JCO:J Hameroff, Stuart Roy, "Ch'i: A Neural Hologram? Microtubules, Bioholography, and Acupuncture," American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2, 1974, 163-170. ---- --Dong, Paul, "Summary Report on Qigong Investigation in Mainland China "

EXPERIMENT OR CONJUROR'S ILLUSION? Warcollier, R. Hes seances avec Eusapia. 1958, 13/14, 165-188.

Warcollier, R. Hes seances avec Eusapia. 1958, 13/14, 165-188. La Tour Saint-Jacgues,

CONTROVERSIAL MATTERS - - , 1983b. Letter to Steve Shaw with copy to Michael Edwards. Feb. 9. -----, 1983c. Addendum to Project ROTSUC, Phase I. - - , 1983d. Analys1.s of Project ~, -- -----, 1983e. Inducing Desire for Revenge, No. 2 in the series Field studies

and politically sensitive subjects-- nuclear power, anti-missiles-- I would expect the beliefs of experts and of laymen to be more similar. {On the first sorts of issues, evidence might be more influential than emotionally charged preconceptions; on the latter issues, political and social prejudices

TO PARAPSYCHOLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY (RESPONSES TO MY COMMENTATORS AND ATTEMPTS AT SOME FURTHER "C4UefJ who pJH'-6eJt to Jte.6eJtvt judgm.c.U:

METHODOLOGY (RESPONSES TO MY COMMENTATORS AND ATTEMPTS AT SOME FURTHER "C4UefJ who pJH'-6eJt to Jte.6eJtvt judgm.c.U: o~ the ctaim~ o6 paAap~ychotogy

COMMENTATORS AND ATTEMPTS AT SOME FURTHER "C4UefJ who pJH'-6eJt to Jte.6eJtvt judgm.c.U: o~ the ctaim~ o6 paAap~ychotogy enfuety -UvtatioML"

SOME FURTHER "C4UefJ who pJH'-6eJt to Jte.6eJtvt judgm.c.U: o~ the ctaim~ o6 paAap~ychotogy enfuety -UvtatioML" CLARIFICATION)

"C4UefJ who pJH'-6eJt to Jte.6eJtvt judgm.c.U: o~ the ctaim~ o6 paAap~ychotogy enfuety -UvtatioML" CLARIFICATION) D.J. West, "parapsychologist• 1

It always means a double-edged enterprise if a philosopher of science interferes with discussions within a special branch of science, and all the more so if, with normative intent, he dares to make recommendations as to how members of this special branch of science ought to adjust their practice, pr

Response !Q John Beloff In the.seventh recommendation of my paper, I urged parapsychologists to lend the1r support to Dr. Beloff's suggestion for an official Commission of Enquiry. Seven out of twenty-three commentators dealt with this proposal 1n the1r remarks on my recommendations (besides Dr. Bel

1. Revolution versus Foundation and Justification72 d Because the deductive model of foundation and justification (as vacated by Popper and other philosophers) must necessarily run into 1~surmoun~abl~ ~iff~culties with respect to the question of tbe foundatlon ~nd ~u~t1f1cat1on of the deductive mode

• wting he~~.e dou not pJr.ec.tude Well ~u.U .;tev.i.ew. • CJU..U.ca.l antto.taU.otU evte by Mevtc.e.Uo fw.z.u. Ainsworth, G.C., Introduction to the Hiswryp of Medical and Veter~ mloSY· New York: CambrldgeUmversl y res~.-----nS+xl ~4 • • A history of the speciality dealing with fungi caused diseases

ADMINISTRATION & SPONSORS Prof. Marcello Truzzi, Director (Dept. of Socioloqy: Eastern Michigan university) Prof. Ron Nestrum, Associate Director (Dept. of Socioloqy: Eastern Michigan University)

Prof. Marcello Truzzi, Director (Dept. of Socioloqy: Eastern Michigan university) Prof. Ron Nestrum, Associate Director (Dept. of Socioloqy: Eastern Michigan University) Sl)IIOR CCtiSULTI\NTS

Dr. Theodore X. Barber (CUshinq Hospital; MassadNsetts Dept. of Health). Prof. Duyl J. 81!111 (Dept. of Psyc'holoqy: Cornell University). Prof. Mario Bunqe (Foundations • Philosophy of S<"ience: McGill University). Prof. Persi Diaconis (Dept. of Statistics: Stanford Uniwrsity). Prof. Gerald L. !berl

Mr. Willi- R. Corliss ('Ihe Sourcebook Project) • Mr. Geor9e l'2lel:hludt (Anerican Library Association) • Mr. l'artin Ebon tauthor-edi tor I . Mr. Peter llaininq (author-editor) Or. n-evor H. Hall ('Ihe Lftds Library) •