CRYPTO 1984

INTERNTIONA"SOCIETY OF CRYPTOZOOOGY

BERNARD HEUVELMANS Ver/hiac, Saint-Chamassy, 24260 Le Bugue, France ABsTRACT: Cryptozoology aims at a systematized search for unknown species of animals about which some testimonial and circumstantial evidence is available. The necessity of its development arose quite naturally in the Western world

Almost until the end of the 1 8th Century, zoology did not need crypto zoology. A systematic search for animal species still unknown was then quite superfluous. Since European travelers, particularly from the 1 5th Century on, had started to explore and conquer with insatiable greed all "lands beyo

FROM 0PEN-MINDEDNESS TO DISBELIEF or their remains unearthed from ancient deposits. So, in 1784 an anonymous booklet was published in Germany, which bore a most significant title: Never did the zoologists of the Renaissance hesitate to admit into their catalogs or general works every animal which wa

or their remains unearthed from ancient deposits. So, in 1784 an anonymous booklet was published in Germany, which bore a most significant title: Never did the zoologists of the Renaissance hesitate to admit into their catalogs or general works every animal which was spoken of in the world, even if

In 1795, President Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), who was as well-versed in the natural sciences as in politics, examined several prehistoric bones of a giant ground sloth, including an enormous claw, which had been found in a cave in Virginia. He accordingly named the animal Mega/onyx (great claw),

A few enlightened laymen, who could be considered as the "Prophets of Cryptozoology," had already anticipated this shocking attitude, and ex pressed their fears before the close of the 18th Century. The English novelist Oliver Goldsmith (1728-74), for instance, had stated in his essay A History of

Open-minded scientists never yielded, of course, to the edicts of the 19th Century dictators of science. They went on showing real interest in all un desirable "monsters" and zealously collected every scrap of information about them. The fabled sea serpent was appearing not only in sensation seeki

In another, somewhat different vein, free-thinking scientists soon started to question the Cuvierian dogma according to which all "prehistoric" ani mals belong to ages gone by, have never been contemporaneous to man, and can thus certainly not be living today and possibly explain some of the presen

During the last century, there was also in German scientific circles a great interest in the possible survival of ancient species allegedly extinct, as well as in the exciting discoveries of new species of medium-to-large-sized ani In 1841, Heinrich Rathke (1793-1860), a pioneer in the science of a

It would certainly be unfair not to mention right away all the popular science writers of the last century who helped to make the general reader "monster-conscious." As early as 1818 in Great Britain, an anonymous author signing himself "W." had written two very well-documented articles on the Krake

Just a handful of scientists ventured to suggest during the last century how-that is, in which zoological category-the still-unknown animals shou1d be classified. Some, for instance, first accepted blindly that "sea serpents" were just enormous snakes. However, as soon as the first fossil remains of

Born in 1916, the author is currently dubbed the "father of cryptozoology," possibly because I actually coined the term "cryptozoology," but more prob ably l?ecause, since 1950, I have been the first zoologist ever to devote his professional life exclusively to the study of this particular field, a

It is often stated nowadays that cryptozoologists are wasting their time and energy on a wild goose chase, since no unknown animal has ever been found by them.Such yams betray a great ignorance of the history of zoology. Long before a true method of research had been defined by Oudemans, and in any

WITH THE HELP OF CRYPTOZOOLOGY It is a fact that many species of medium-to-large-sized animals been discovered at a much earlier date if zoologists had realized portance of a cryptozoological approach. This is due, first of all, to the fact

It is a fact that many species of medium-to-large-sized animals been discovered at a much earlier date if zoologists had realized portance of a cryptozoological approach. This is due, first of all, to the fact that most animals are generally known by the natives of the

From the beginning of the 20th Century on, especially because of the sensation created by the well-guided discovery of the okapi, quite a number of natural science writers, and even a few professional zoologists, started devoting articles and portions of books to some of the "mystery" animals which

Strangely enough, none of these numerous authors, even the best-versed in natural history, ever thought of classifying zoologically and with some accuracy some of the sundry mystery animals they were writing about. Once again, we have been dealing here with cryptozoography rather than cryp tozoolog

This is where the author came in, essentially as an inquirer aiming at exhaustivity, as a synthesizer of all previous research, as a theoreticist in the light of epistemology, and as the refiner of the methodology of the new discipline of zoology. I think the cryptozoological spirit was probably in

It should be clear by now that the essence of cryptozoology lies in the collection, analysis, comparison, sifting out and synthesis of all available information on animals still absent from our zoological catalogs. It is the final result of these activities which will help us locate the relevant ani

ROBERT L. DOWNING1 Denver Wildlife Research Center, Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, Department of Forestry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631, U.S.A.

Denver Wildlife Research Center, Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, Department of Forestry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631, U.S.A. ABsTRACT: The history of the demise of the eastern cougar (Felis conco/or cou

The eastern subspecies of the cougar (Felis concolor couguar) disappeared from most areas soon after settlement by European immigrants. Settlers 1 Present address: 1 1 4 Lewis Road, Clemson, South Carolina 2963 1 , U.S.A.

feared the cougar and were reluctant to share their livestock and game with it. They were easily hunted with dogs, and many were killed. Bounties were paid for killing them in several states. Early settlers also killed deer, the mainstay of the cougar's diet. With the exception of a few inaccessible

The list of kills in Table 1 is fairly good evidence that cougars survived the most critical time, but it is poor evidence for their continued existence today because each one could have been the last survivor in that locality. Eyewitness reports still seem to be the strongest evidence of the contin

centimeters, which is beyond the range of any bobcat that I have measured under similar conditions. However, repeated searches in the same area re vealed only bobcats, and no more "long-stepping log-walkers." Snow does not necessarily provide a good tracking medium. Snowfall in the Southern Appalac

Despite several years of intensive effort funded by the U.S. government, the author has been unable to positively confirm that there are self-sustaining populations of cougars in the eastern United States north of Florida. I doubt that public agencies will fund further searches unless indisputable e

"SEILEAG": THE UNKNOWN ANIMAL(S) OF LOCH SHIEL, SCOTLAND JoSEPH W. ZARzvNSKI P.O. Box 2 1 34, Wilton, New York 12866, U.S.A. ABsTRACT: An animal or animals with similar morphological characteristics as

JoSEPH W. ZARzvNSKI P.O. Box 2 1 34, Wilton, New York 12866, U.S.A. ABsTRACT: An animal or animals with similar morphological characteristics as those reported for Nessie may inhabit Scotland's Loch Shiel. Evidence to support the existence of "Seileag" is scarce, due, perhaps, to the remoteness of t

P.O. Box 2 1 34, Wilton, New York 12866, U.S.A. ABsTRACT: An animal or animals with similar morphological characteristics as those reported for Nessie may inhabit Scotland's Loch Shiel. Evidence to support the existence of "Seileag" is scarce, due, perhaps, to the remoteness of the lake. Nonetheless

FOR THE USE OF YAHOO AS A NAME FOR THE AUSTRALIAN HAIRY MAN GRAHAM JOYNER P.O. Box 253, Kingston ACT 2604, Australia ABsTRAcr: The Australian hairy man or Yahoo was the subject of speculation

GRAHAM JOYNER P.O. Box 253, Kingston ACT 2604, Australia ABsTRAcr: The Australian hairy man or Yahoo was the subject of speculation throughout most of the 1 9th Century and beyond. The name Yahoo was often held to be an aboriginal word, although it was also attributed to Swift. It is suggested

P.O. Box 253, Kingston ACT 2604, Australia ABsTRAcr: The Australian hairy man or Yahoo was the subject of speculation throughout most of the 1 9th Century and beyond. The name Yahoo was often held to be an aboriginal word, although it was also attributed to Swift. It is suggested that the word Yahoo

the aborigines of the region of the Hunter River. This discrepancy indicates that the name was thought sufficiently well known when the book was pub lished in 1947, but that it was not known to the aborigines around 1830, or whenever the author had actually been engaged in cutting cedar. Finally, a

"MANBEAR" (WILDMAN) HAND AND FOOT SPECIMENS ZHOU GUOXING Beijing Natural History Museum, 1 26 Tien Chiao South Street, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China flat. Wang Congmei said that the head was similar to that o f a man, and the

ZHOU GUOXING Beijing Natural History Museum, 1 26 Tien Chiao South Street, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China flat. Wang Congmei said that the head was similar to that o f a man, and the hairless skin was thin. They later found bamboo shoots and grass in its

Beijing Natural History Museum, 1 26 Tien Chiao South Street, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China flat. Wang Congmei said that the head was similar to that o f a man, and the hairless skin was thin. They later found bamboo shoots and grass in its stomach. According to Miss Wang's recollection

Zhou Guoxing 1 982 The Status of Wildman Research in China. Cryptozoology, Vol. 1 : 1 3-23. Cryptozoology, 3, 1 984, 7 1 -7 3

RELATED TO INVESTIGATIONS AT LOCH NESS, 1 984 ROBERT H. RINES AND HAROLD E. EDGERTON Academy ofApplied Science, 2 White Street, Concord, New Hampshire 03301, U. S.A., and Department of Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

ROBERT H. RINES AND HAROLD E. EDGERTON Academy ofApplied Science, 2 White Street, Concord, New Hampshire 03301, U. S.A., and Department of Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, U. S.A.

Academy ofApplied Science, 2 White Street, Concord, New Hampshire 03301, U. S.A., and Department of Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, U. S.A. ROBERT NEEDLEMAN

Academy ofApplied Science, 2 White Street, Concord, New Hampshire 03301, U. S.A. INTRODUCTION The question concerning the possible existence of large, unidentified an imals in Loch Ness, Scotland, has been an unresolved one since at least the

SITUATION IN TAJIKISTAN, U.S.S.R. DMITRI BAYANOV Darwin Museum, Moscow, 1 1 9 435, U.S.S.R. INTRODUCTION From August 27 to September 22, 1 982, the author visited three regions

DMITRI BAYANOV Darwin Museum, Moscow, 1 1 9 435, U.S.S.R. INTRODUCTION From August 27 to September 22, 1 982, the author visited three regions of Taj ikistan for the purpose of learning first-hand the hominological situ

JOSEPH W. ZARZYNSKI P.O. Box 2 1 34, Wilton, New York 12866, U.S.A. INTRODUCTION In 1 984, the Lake Champlain Phenomena Investigation (LCPI) conducted 1 7 days of on-site fieldwork at Lake Champlain in its ongoing investigations

As in previous years, many of the sightings involved multiple witnesses, and the observation from The Spirit of Ethan Allen involved no fewer than 60 persons, surpassing the 35 witnesses who observed an unknown animal

TEO .5TR.I\ITON JOSEPH ZAI'-Z"l' N S J(. J FIG. 1 . - Map of Lake Champlain, with numbers indicating the locations of the 1 1 eyewitness sightings logged by LCPI during 1 984.

JOSEPH ZAI'-Z"l' N S J(. J FIG. 1 . - Map of Lake Champlain, with numbers indicating the locations of the 1 1 eyewitness sightings logged by LCPI during 1 984. Cryptozoology, 3, 1 984, 84-88

THROUGH PROLONGED FIELDWORK MARK E. KELLER 6 1 04 Glen Oak, Hollywood, California 90068, U.S.A. INTRODUCTION

MARK E. KELLER 6 1 04 Glen Oak, Hollywood, California 90068, U.S.A. INTRODUCTION

6 1 04 Glen Oak, Hollywood, California 90068, U.S.A. INTRODUCTION Between May 1 9, 1 984, and September 6, 1 984, the author undertook

FIG. 1 a. - Field sketch ofthe best of three tracks found on May 24, 1 984. This 1 2-inch track was about 24 inches from the other two, which were only partial tracks. AR W\1\4 Tllll" IPQ'SSION 'Mf:r l>EE.ST N sAltl>'f SOIL. (2 i .... ) OUT'TtR EbGf oF TAA O:.

LOP£ OF G R.OO N l> W ITH TRACK. .....A-AA:: FIG. 1 b. - Profile ofground where tracks were found. One partial track was behind and another in front of the full track appearing in Fig. 1 a. Gravel and rock formed the ground except for

.....A-AA:: FIG. 1 b. - Profile ofground where tracks were found. One partial track was behind and another in front of the full track appearing in Fig. 1 a. Gravel and rock formed the ground except for one patch of sand upon which the full track was impressed. A creek flowed on either side of the gr

\l.75 in . l.DNG TOlS in. wide. l 3 in. wid M I D S i n , w i de. -> ?AitTlAL T"""'- l<f, =

AT LAKE CHAMPLAIN RICHARD D. SMITH P.O. Box 106, Rocky Hill, New Jersey 08553, U.S.A. INTRODUCfiON In August, 1 984, Wind & Whalebone Media Productions field-tested at

RICHARD D. SMITH P.O. Box 106, Rocky Hill, New Jersey 08553, U.S.A. INTRODUCfiON In August, 1 984, Wind & Whalebone Media Productions field-tested at Lake Champlain an integrated method of obtaining video images of, and

P.O. Box 106, Rocky Hill, New Jersey 08553, U.S.A. INTRODUCfiON In August, 1 984, Wind & Whalebone Media Productions field-tested at Lake Champlain an integrated method of obtaining video images of, and other data related to, large, unidentified aquatic animals reported in the lake

J uly ?, 19!l5 a symposium of the July 4 - 1 0 , 1 985 U n iversity of Sussex

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University ofArizona Tucson, Arizona 85721, U.S.A. Loch Ness Monster. By Tim Dinsdale. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London,

Department of Biological Sciences Concordia University Montreal, Quebec H3G 1MB, Canada Monsters Among Us. By Brad Steiger. Para Research, Rockport, Massachu setts, 1 982. 1 66 pp. $9.95 (p.).

24 Elizabeth Street Port Jervis, New York 12771, U.S.A. The Encyclopedia of Monsters. By Daniel Cohen. Dodd, Mead, New York, 1 982. 287 pp. $ 1 4. 9 5 (c.). In the September, 1 972, issue of the journal Limnology and Oceanogra

Department of Oceanography The University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia V6 T 1 W5, Canada Comments and Responses Cryptozoo/ogy, 3, 1 984, 1 09- 1 60

(Response to Heppell and Van Valen, Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 1 47-5 7) The Editor regrets several errors in the Comment by Leigh M. Van Valen, Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 1 55-57. Nothing could delight me more than David Heppell's critical but most judicious remarks on the sections of my article "What Is C

(Comment on Heuvelmans, Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 1 -24) Heuvelmans makes the point that new animal species are being discovered all the time. This is quite true; but the question needs to be refined a little. Leaving aside the ocean vastness, where the point that new species of large size have very re

COMMENTS AND RESPONSES muntjak, Muntiacusfeai, known previously from a very few specimens from Burma, has recently turned up in the same western Yunnan/southeastern Tibet region. One of the largest of the monkeys, the black snub-nosed monkey (Pygathrix [Rhinopithecus] bietz), has recently been redis

Department of Prehistory and Anthropology Australian National University Canberra, A.C. T. 2601, Australia (Colin Groves is a biological anthropologist, specializing in human evolution, nonhuman primates, and mammalian taxonomy.)

TO MENTION MISINFORMED ZoOLOGISTS (Response to Groves) One problem with cryptozoology is that zoologists who endeavor to min imize the importance of its ends and means, and - I must add- many self styled cryptozoologists, are grossly misinformed about its real scope. I am

(Response to Groves) One problem with cryptozoology is that zoologists who endeavor to min imize the importance of its ends and means, and - I must add- many self styled cryptozoologists, are grossly misinformed about its real scope. I am currently completing a Checklist of Unknown Animals Cryptoz

(Comment on Heuvelmans, Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 1 -24) While we do not necessarily disagree qualitatively with the conclusions of Heuvelmans' article, i.e., that many species remain to be discovered and that these probably will not be land vertebrates, his methods of arriving at this conclusion deser

JANET WRIGHT Section of Ecology and Systematics Cornell University Ithaca, New York 1 4853, U. S.A. (Peter Brussard is a population biologist and Janet Wright is a mammalo

Section of Ecology and Systematics Cornell University Ithaca, New York 1 4853, U. S.A. (Peter Brussard is a population biologist and Janet Wright is a mammalo

(Response to Brossard and Wright) As the computer craze is reaching its peak, it is to be expected that en thusiasts would try to solve all zoological problems by purely mathematical methods. This, however, would be forgetting a little too soon the bitter disappointment inflicted upon zoologists by

(Comment on Poirier et al., Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 25-39) There are two issues I am critical of in this article. The first is the coauthors proposing the rare golden monkey, Rhinopithecus roxellanae, as an expla nation for Wildman sightings without presenting explicit anatomical details of the monk

P. O. Box 1661 Roseburg, Oregon 97470, U.S.A. (Jack Lapseritis is an applied anthropologist specializing in community health planning for native Amerindian people.) A GOLDEN CLARIFICATION

(Response to Lapseritis) Lapseritis correctly points out a number of potential problems in our Wildman article. I have no particular quarrels with what he has to say. However, I would like to clarify our position. 1 . While we noted that there are some 300 sightings of the so-called

(Comment on Heaney, Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 40-52) Although Heaney and I correspond and exchange information on homi nology, his article came as a complete surprise to me because he had never mentioned his investigation in this direction. I read his paper with mixed feelings: great admiration for th

(Response to Bayanov) Recording the events that took place during his expedition was an essential part of Baradiin's work, in contrast to those supplying the other anecdotes mentioned by Bayanov. I do not accuse Baradiin of lying. I merely point out that what others have said and written is not corr

(Comment on Krantz, Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 5 3-8 1 ) Grover Krantz' findings concerning the alleged Sasquatch footprints with dermal ridges seem to lead to a clash of dogmata. It is a strongly held professional opinion among forensic experts that fingerprints cannot be suc cessfully manufactured or

1 139 East Ocean Blvd. Long Beach, California 90802, U. S.A. (Michael Shields is a botanist and nurseryman who is working on a book on plant superlatives.) WHOSE DERMAL RIDGES?

(Comment on Krantz, Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 5 3-8 1 ) Krantz presents evidence of dermal ridges on a set of Sasquatch footprints, and emphasizes their importance in confirming the nature of the Sasquatch as an unknown primate. Krantz' analysis is of great significance, and opens up a new dimension in

P. O. Box 94124 Richmond, British Columbia V6 Y 2A3, Canada (Rene Dahinden is a long-time Sasquatch field researcher.) ET Tu, RENE? (Response to Dahinden)

(Response to Dahinden) Dahinden raises an aspect of the Walla Walla tracks that deserves an airing. My paper dealt only with the anatomy of the footprints, on the assumption that the circumstances of their impression and discovery were clear enough for all practical purposes. This may not be the cas

(Comment on Krantz, Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 5 3-8 1 ) From experience, I long ago learned not to draw conclusions from pho tographs, particularly of casts, so I will say nothing about the photographs in Krantz' paper. All that I can say is that the height of 2 . 5 m, calculated from the stride, is m

321 Cherry Hill Road Princeton, New Jersey 08540, U.S.A. (Ashley Montagu is a physical anthropologist and the author of numerous books on the biological and social components of man.) ON GIANT MEN

(Response to Montagu) The original footprints were destroyed by casting, and would soon have lost their detail anyway. We are fortunate that good quality casts were made at all, and doubly fortunate that these reached scientific hands. My resources have been strained by showing these casts to expert

prints, and disappear into the forest. If the creature is real, then its size argues for considerable differences from the usual human anatomy. In the absence of a body, we can only speculate on what most of these differences might be. But given many clear footprints, we have been able, at least, to

(Comment on Agnagna, Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 1 03-1 2) The high peak of Agnagna's Field Report of the First Congolese Mokele Mbembe expedition is the observation of the animal itself in Lake Telle, from a distance of about 240 meters. After stating that "the author was filming a troop of monkeys," A

(Comments on Agnagna, Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 1 03-1 2) I am very open to the possibility that sauropods may be living in the Congo. However, the evidence presented to date, including the above report Mokele-Mbembe. As in all branches of science, alternate explanations for evidence (even "eyewitness"

1 127 Manitoulin Pike Brunswick, Ohio 44212, U. S.A. (Glenn Kuban is a computer systems software specialist and an amateur paleontologist.) NEITHER TURTLE NOR SNAKE

(Response to Kuban) I would like to make the following observations concerning Kuban's Com 1 ) The animal I saw in Lake Telle could not have been a turtle or a snake, for reasons I give below. 2) The soundings we took in the area where the animal was seen indicated

ON MOKELE-MBEMBE (Comment on Agnagna, Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 1 03- 1 2) When I showed a copy of Agnagna's report to my colleagues at Brown University, I received the following responses (which were by no means mutually exclusive):

(Comment on Agnagna, Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 1 03- 1 2) When I showed a copy of Agnagna's report to my colleagues at Brown University, I received the following responses (which were by no means mutually exclusive): 1 ) It must be a hoax, probably to drum up tourist trade.

Division of Biology and Medicine Brown University Providence, Rhode Island 02912, U. S.A. (Christine Janis is a paleomammalogist.) SEMANTICS VERSUS CRYPTOZOOLOGY

(Comment on Wagner et al. , Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 1 1 3-25) Everyone knows that mermaids are elusive creatures- as slippery to the hand as to the eye. Roy Wagner and colleagues have again treated us to a tantalizing glimpse into that zone of human endeavour where science at tempts to interpret fol

(Comment on Wagner, Cryptozoology, Vol. 1 : 3 3-39, and Wagner et al. , Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 1 1 3-25) We have seen two Comments in a previous issue of this journal on Wag ner's first article (see John R. Sibert, 1 98 3 , Ri-ality: A Mermaid in the Hand?, Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 1 59-6 1 ; see als

595 West End A venue New York, New York 1 0024, U.S.A. (Richard Ellis is the author of several books on cetaceans.) Is THE Rl A TROPICAL BELUGA? (Comment on Wagner et al., Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 1 1 3-25)

(Comment on Wagner et al., Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 1 1 3-25) In this article, the authors give details of observations made on a marine probably mammalian organism known to the natives of New Ireland as th Ri or Ilkai. By comparing their observations with published data, they con clude that the ani

Biology Department Palmer's College Grays, England, U.K. (Kelvin Britton is a marine biologist with a particular interest in malacol THE NATURE OF THE Rl

(Response to Sibert, Ellis, and Britton) It is a pleasure to respond to careful, educated, and informed commentary CRYPTOZOOLOGY

(Response to Sibert, Ellis, and Britton) While it is interesting to try to determine what known animal - if any the Ri (Ilkai) might be, it is also interesting to observe how different com mentators propose different animal candidates with varying degrees of cer tainty. Obviously, only one, at mo

(Comment on Wagner, Cryptozoology, Vol. 1 : 3 3-39, and Wagner et al. , Cryptozoology, Vol. 2: 1 1 3-25) Finding Wagner's first article on the Ri intriguing, I visited New Ireland in early June, 1 98 3 . Prior to leaving, Wagner gave me names of contacts in Namatanai and Ramat Bay. I spent the perio

P. O. Box 3 1 990 Seattle, Washington 981 03, U.S.A. (Jon-Erik Beckjord is director of Project Bigfoot.) CRYPTOZOOLOGY OBJECfiVE EVALUATION LACKING

(Response to Beckjord) Beckjord is apparently aware, at least, that our knowledge -and even our observations - of the Ri was gained at the sufferance of the native peoples. Accurate communication is vital to both. What are Beckjord's credentials in this regard? He speaks no Barok, and to judge from

(Comment on Westrum, Cryptozoo/ogy, Vol. 2: 1 62-66). Modem journalism's biggest handicap is that it is spread over too broad a range of communications vehicles. Its primary responsibility, to get the facts to the public, sometimes loses out to glitz and gobbledygook. J oumalists used to be people w

2855 West Anklam Road Tucson, Arizona 857 45, U. S.A. (Elizabeth Smith worked for a Westchester County, New York, newspaper chain for 1 0 years, as a reporter, columnist, and editor.) A SECOND LooK AT A SECOND LooK

(Response to Smith) One senses from Smith's useful comments on the press and anomalies that she feels she has to defend how the press handles anomalies. Nonetheless, after reading her comments, and what I wrote originally, I see little reason

". . . an indispensable and almost encyclo reference text on Pleistocene and