CRYPTO 1985

INTERNA+IONA{ SOCIETV OF CRYPTOZOOLOGY

Cat Onu,ltry: The Ques for the, British Big Ca, by Di Francis ... Lena G: Bottell f The Loeh Ness Mysery Solvedr by Ronld Bmns ................Adnan Shme / 83 Mysteries: EncounterS" with te Unexlaineq, by John shford.-nell . . . . . . . . .

\ Myra ·Shackley ((archaeology)'

DEFINITIONS OF CRYPTOZOOLOGY of Cryptozoology at its founding meeting in early 1 982. After much discus sion, the Board concluded that cryptozoology should be concerned with "animals of unexpected form or size, or unexpected occurrence in time or space." The key work here is "unexpected." So, accor

of Cryptozoology at its founding meeting in early 1 982. After much discus sion, the Board concluded that cryptozoology should be concerned with "animals of unexpected form or size, or unexpected occurrence in time or space." The key work here is "unexpected." So, according to the founders of the S

In early 1 984, the well-known evolutionist George Gaylord Simpson pub lished a lengthy critique of the concept and practice of cryptozoology (Simp son 1 984). While the critique contained numerous interesting points- as wll as some surprising errors - it was clear that the author had essentially

MICHAEL D. SWORDS Department of Science, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, U.S.A. ABSTRAcr: The ancient Egyptian god Set was pictured with the head of an animal, as was true of many Egyptian deities. This animal, however, unlike the others, has

Department of Science, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, U.S.A. ABSTRAcr: The ancient Egyptian god Set was pictured with the head of an animal, as was true of many Egyptian deities. This animal, however, unlike the others, has never been identified. Examination of pictorial rep

FIG. 2 . - The mace-head Set figure (ca. 3000 B.C.). FIG. 1 . -The Hawk-headed Sun-god, the Jackal-headed god of mummification, the Ibis headed god of "science" and magic. 1 ) Set was originally a local god in Upper (Southern) Egypt, possibly as early as the predynastic Nagada culture.

There seem to have been as many animals related to Set as there were animals to choose from. Egyptologists have been hampered in their work, not only by the unusual physical characteristics of the drawings, but also by the variety of animals spoken of as "Sethian" in the old texts. Here is a certain

Representations of Set in pre-dynastic Egypt re r re an debat d. h

The following details constitute the significant behavioral and physical attributes of Set, as extracted from ancient texts: 1 ) strength, aggressiveness, and viciousness; 2) a prowler and stalker; 3) a wild beast of the night; 4) a carnivore and a carrion-eater; 5) a stealer and dismemberer of dead

There are two other sources which may add some insight into this creature. In the hieroglyphs, Set's name was transliterated sts. Using this as a stem word, two other characteristics often applied to Set were written as tsts (to cut to pieces) and tsi (to turn away or desert). The point of this is

NAMING PROCESSES TOWARDS AN ETYMOLOGY OF MAORI WAITOREKE P.O. Box 60, Brooktondale, New York 1 4817, U.S.A. JOHN BECKER

TOWARDS AN ETYMOLOGY OF MAORI WAITOREKE P.O. Box 60, Brooktondale, New York 1 4817, U.S.A. JOHN BECKER ABsTRAcr: A supposed New Zealand otter-like animal was known to the Maori as waitoreke. The meaning of this term is thought to derive from wai, "water." A

P.O. Box 60, Brooktondale, New York 1 4817, U.S.A. JOHN BECKER ABsTRAcr: A supposed New Zealand otter-like animal was known to the Maori as waitoreke. The meaning of this term is thought to derive from wai, "water." A number of alternate meanings, linking the animal with the mythological fauna of

ABsTRAcr: A supposed New Zealand otter-like animal was known to the Maori as waitoreke. The meaning of this term is thought to derive from wai, "water." A number of alternate meanings, linking the animal with the mythological fauna of the Maori, are presented and shown to be equally, if not more, pl

Turning more specifically to waitoreke, we can begin as Ley ( 1 9 5 9) and Watson ( 1 960) did by examining the likelihood that the meaning somehow derives from wai, the general term for "water." There are, in fact, a number of water creatures whose names are in all probability derived from wai "wat

Before summarizing our efforts and drawing a conclusion, we should ex amine briefly another name recorded for this animal. The term is kaurehe or kaureke, the latter being the spelling Mantell - who first recorded the term - used in an 1 8 50 article. But according to Watson ( 1 960) he changed it

I would like to express my gratitude to John Colarusso, of McMaster University, who read the manuscript and offered a number of constructive suggestions. The conclusions drawn from this and the other material ' however, are the responsibility of the author only. REFERENCES CITED 1 898 New Zealand He

A CAUTIONARY TALE FOR CRYPTOZOOLOGY COLIN P. GROVES Canberra, A . C. T. 2601, A ustralia Department of Prehistory and Anthropology, A ustralian National University, AasTRAcr: The pygmy gorilla is a concept derived from confusions and mis

COLIN P. GROVES Canberra, A . C. T. 2601, A ustralia Department of Prehistory and Anthropology, A ustralian National University, AasTRAcr: The pygmy gorilla is a concept derived from confusions and mis understandings originating in the early years of this century. The specimens on which

CRYPTOZOOLOGY It should be specified, finally, that to say that two geographically-based samples belong to one subspecies is not to say that they are identical. Strong average differences between geographic samples within at least two of the three subspecies are apparent: subspecies are merely those

From the time of its first scientific description ( 1 84 7) until the early 1 870's, all gorillas whose remains found their way to scientific institutions (in the U.S.A., U.K. , France and Australia) were from a restricted area in Centra Africa ' around the Gabon Estuary as far north as the present

The publication of the third, final volume of Daniel Giraud Elliot's epoch making, much maligned Review of the Primates, occurred at the start of World War I (Elliot 1 9 1 4). By this time, the "opening up of Africa" had revealed a host of previously undescribed mammal species, most of them procure

The description of the new genus is, in essence, as follows: size small, but somewhat larger than the adult chimpanzee; braincase similar to the chim panzee's, being large, full and rounded, sagittal and occipital crests wanting; forehead prominently rising above orbital ridge; a rather broad, flat

There have been a few other mentions of Gorilla mayema in the literature, and these too have contributed to the confusion. Rothschild ( 1 905) stated boldly: "The Gorilla manyema [sic] of Alix and Bouvier I believe to be a very large ape of the group of Simia vellerosus Gray, and not a gorilla at al

SUSAN CACHEL Department ofA nthropology, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A. Douglass College, Rutgers University, ABsTRAcr: Sasquatch footprint casts from Elk Wallow (Walla Walla), previously

Department ofA nthropology, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A. Douglass College, Rutgers University, ABsTRAcr: Sasquatch footprint casts from Elk Wallow (Walla Walla), previously examined in detail by Krantz ( 1 983), are discussed with respect to the presence of

One of the striking morphological features documented by the casts is the apparent presence of an extremely thick, flexible pad on the sole of the Elk Wallow feet. Given the impression of a stone in the middle of the "full right" cast, and a photograph of the actual print with stone in place, Krantz

human sole pad at the heel region do not seem to be readily available. In dissections of cadavers, the skin of the sole is so thick and firmly bound to the underlying lobulated fat that it is difficult to disclose the plantar apo neurosis; I would estimate a thickness of about 2 em in the human cad

Sasquatch foot anatomy has been examined in detail by Krantz ( 1 97 7), who argues that, in comparison with living hominids, these creatures have a lengthened heel and a shortened forefoot. This leads to a reconstruction in which the ankle j oint is set farther forward on the foot, a point which is

Dermatoglyphic evidence from the Elk Wallow prints is necessarily con fined at present to description and taxonomic assignation. Nevertheless, it is possible that, if such evidence were to become more abundant in the future, details of behavior might be reconstructed from dermatoglyphic evi dence.

DAVID c. GUYNN, JR. Clemson, South Carolina 29631 , U.S.A. Department of Forestry, Clemson University, 1 1 4 Lewis Road, Clemson, South Carolina 29631, U.S.A. RoBERT L. DoWNING

Clemson, South Carolina 29631 , U.S.A. Department of Forestry, Clemson University, 1 1 4 Lewis Road, Clemson, South Carolina 29631, U.S.A. RoBERT L. DoWNING GEORGE R. ASKEW

GEORGE R. ASKEW Georgetown, South Carolina 29442, U.S.A. Baruch Forest Science Institute, Clemson University, ABsTRACT: A method for estimating the probability of presence or absence of cryptic species was developed using the binomial distribution. For a given probability

Georgetown, South Carolina 29442, U.S.A. Baruch Forest Science Institute, Clemson University, ABsTRACT: A method for estimating the probability of presence or absence of cryptic species was developed using the binomial distribution. For a given probability of detection (p) at a known population dens

FIG. I . - Number of search efforts (n0) required at f(x

FIELDWORK IN NEW IRELAND, PAPUA NEW GUINEA 1669 Nelson Rd., Scotts Valley, California 95066, U.S.A. THOMAS R. WILLIAMS INTRODUCTION In February, 1 98 5 , the author and twelve others from the Ecosophical

1669 Nelson Rd., Scotts Valley, California 95066, U.S.A. THOMAS R. WILLIAMS INTRODUCTION In February, 1 98 5 , the author and twelve others from the Ecosophical Research Association (ERA) conducted fieldwork in Papua New Guinea,

INTRODUCTION In February, 1 98 5 , the author and twelve others from the Ecosophical Research Association (ERA) conducted fieldwork in Papua New Guinea, principally along the east coast of southern and central New Ireland Province. The purpose of the fieldwork was to continue investigations into rep

P.O. Box 2 1 34, Wilton, New York 12866, U.S.A. JOSEPH W . ZARzYNSKI INTRODUCTION The possibility that the 1 09-mile-long Lake Champlain is the habitat of Loch Ness-like animals, dubbed Champ, continues to intrigue many indi

JOSEfH V.ftZYNSKJ CRYPTOZOOLOGY - May 6, 1 98 5 : Alice and Al Brooks; off Battery Park, Burlington, Vermont; 1 5-20 feet long; it "looked like a long telephone pole propelled through the water with mild wake behind it."

CRYPTOZOOLOGY - May 6, 1 98 5 : Alice and Al Brooks; off Battery Park, Burlington, Vermont; 1 5-20 feet long; it "looked like a long telephone pole propelled through the water with mild wake behind it." - May 22, 1 98 5 : Lillian Cayo and 3 others; off Lapans Bay Pt., Vermont;

P.O. Box 106, Rocky Hill, New Jersey 08553, U.S.A. RICHARD D . SMITH and a veteran o f the Academy's Loch Ness work, and Mr. Mangiacopra. Although Wind & Whalebone's lake research is not supported by the LCPI or AAS, the author is grateful to have participated in a cooperation between

Nags Head Lane Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire England HP16 OHQ, U. K. The Loch Ness Mystery Solved. By Ronald Binns. Open Books, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, 1 98 3 . 228 pp. £7.9 5 (c.). (Prometheus Books, Buffalo,

The Loch Ness Mystery Solved. By Ronald Binns. Open Books, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, 1 98 3 . 228 pp. £7.9 5 (c.). (Prometheus Books, Buffalo, New York, 1 984, $ 1 8.9 5 .) The spring of 1 98 3 saw the fiftieth anniversary of the Loch Ness Monster controversy, and, perhaps inevitably, the publicatio

Loch Ness and Morar Project Loch Ness Centre Drumnadrochit, Inverness-shire, Scotland, U.K. Mysteries: Encounters With the Unexplained. By John Blashford-Snell. Bod

9 Hiram Lane Bloomfield, Connecticut 06002, U.S.A. Wildmen. Yeti, Sasquatch and the Neanderthal Enigma. By Myra Shackley. Thames and Hudson, London, 1 98 3 . 1 92 pp. £7. 50 (c.). (Still Living? Thames and Hudson, New York, 1 98 3 , $ 1 6 . 9 5 .)

(Comment on Krantz, Cryptozoology, Vol. 2 : 5 3-8 1 ) This i s the third time that I have crossed tracks with the Walla Walla Sasquatch footprints. My initial contact came about in November, 1 982. Grover Krantz sent to me a set of 5 x 7 black and white photographs of the corresponding plaster casts

Department of A nthropology Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana 47 405, U.S.A . (Robert Meier is a human biologist specializing i n dermatoglyphics.) SIGNIFICANT IMPACT PREDICTED

(Comment on Heuvelmans, Cryptozoology, Vol. 3 : 1 -30) In the early 1 9 50's, as a result of Willy Ley's excellent books, I became concerned with and interested in cryptozoology. Since that time, I have accumulated a great variety of cryptozoological information. However, none of these bits and piec

OF ISOLATED INDIVIDUALS VERSUS POPULATIONS (Comment on Downing, Cryptozoology, Vol. 3 : 3 1 -49) Downing's considerable effort in the field in recent years has focused on finding evidence of cougar presence in likely wild areas of the Southeast, north of Florida. He writes: "Despite several years of

(Comment on Downing, Cryptozoology, Vol. 3 : 3 1 -49) Downing's considerable effort in the field in recent years has focused on finding evidence of cougar presence in likely wild areas of the Southeast, north of Florida. He writes: "Despite several years of intensive effort funded

Faculty of Environmental and Forest Biology College of Environmental Science and Forestry State University of New York Syracuse, New York 1 32 1 0, U. S.A. FRED G. VANDYKE

Fort Wayne Bible College 1 025 W. R udisill Blvd. Fort Wayne, Indiana 46807, U.S.A. (Rainer Brocke is a wildlife biologist specializing in the ecology and resto ration of cats and other mammals. Fred VanDyke is a wildlife biologist

(Response to Brocke and VanDyke) I agree with Brocke and VanDyke that my work " . . . may have substantial value in refuting the existence of cougar populations in the areas he censused, at the time he censused them," but disagree with their later (last paragraph) description of my efforts as "exhau

(Comment on Joyner, Cryptozoology, Vol. 3 : 5 5-57) The explanation suggested by Joyner about the name Yahoo for the Aus tralian hairy man sounds very likely, particularly since I know of at least one other instance where natives have adopted a "colonial word" for their own legendary "ape-man," and

22 A venue Pierre Semard 1 1 1 00 Narbonne, France COM MENTS AND RESPONSES undoubtedly reinforced the name in popular usage - is simply parallel to its

(John Becker is a linguist and computer technician.) (Comment on Joyner, Cryptozoology, Vol. 3 : 5 5-5 7) CRYPTOWOMBAT OR CRYPTOHOMINID? Joyner's material makes a good case for a connection between the use of the Yahoo for the Australian hairy man and its use for the orang-utan. It

Joyner's material makes a good case for a connection between the use of the Yahoo for the Australian hairy man and its use for the orang-utan. It must be doubted, however, that the connection is causal. Citations in The Oxford English Dictionary make clear that, after its first use by Swift in his G

(Response to Raynal, Becker, and Bayanov) The information provided by Raynal is interesting. Tony Healy, an Aus tralian who visited the Bahamas a few years ago, told me that he had heard the yayhoo spoken of there. The point about the use of Yahoo in England and Australia in the early 1 9th Century

P. O. Box 253 Kingston, ACT 2604, A ustralia (Graham Joyner is a policy analyst interested in the history of ideas, includ ing the history of science.) NEW MACAQUE HYPOTHESIS SUPPORTED

(Comment on Zhou, Cryptozoology, Vol . 3 : 5 8-70) Zhou's article mentions the possible presence of a new species or subspecies of stump-tailed macaque. Zhou suggests the possibility t at this potentiay rare animal may account for reports of a shorter Wildman 1n the Shennonru1a region of Hubei P

(Comment on Zhou, Cryptozoology, Vol. 3 : 5 8-70) In this eagerly awaited report, Zhou provides us with the most detailed description to date of two widely publicized events of possible cryptozoologi cal import, the recovery from Zhejiang Province of a set of hands and feet belonging to an alleged

Department of Anthropology The University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois 60637, U.S.A. (Michael Diamond is a doctoral candidate in physical anthropology special izing in primate vascular evolution. Zhou will respond to the above Com

(Comment on Janis, Cryptozoology, Vol. 3 : 1 4 1-44) I was very interested in the points raised by Janis in her excellent Comment on Agnagna. She ended by stating that she did not think she could "say anything more," and "nor, for that matter, could anybody else." I would now like to attempt to say

President: Bernard Heuvelmans, Verlhiac, Saint-Chamassy, Le Bugue 24260, France Vice President: Roy P. Mackal, Youhg Bldg. 307, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, U.S.A.